Objective assessment 1 Flashcards
signs of cardiorespiratory problems
SOB, cough, sputum, wheeze, pain, changes in exercise tolerance, functional ability, psychosocial changes
objective assessment
observations, palpitations, auscultation, chest X ray/ imaging, pulmonary function test, pulse oximetry, Arterial blood gas, QOL / functional ability, exercise tolerance
observations
general appearance, position, chest, skin colour, abdomen, use of accessory muscles, nasal flaring, lines// drains, oxygen therapy, quality of voice
observations- general appearance- eyes
pallor= anaemia- not pink enough- lack of haemoglobin, plethora- high Hb, jaundice- liver/ blood disorders- lack of calcium, dropping- horner’s syndrome- sign of specific lung cancer, oedema- fluid retention
observations- general appearance- hands
flapping tremor- holding too much C02, fine tremor- related to drugs people gave, wastage, clubbing, lung disease, nicotine stains, cyanosis- poor circulation, temperature- hot- linked to flapping tremor
difference between central and peripheral cyanosis
Central cyanosis is associated with arterial desaturation and involves the skin, mucous membranes, lips, tongue, and nail beds. Peripheral cyanosis occurs when there is increased oxygen uptake in peripheral tissues
what causes clubbing
congenital heart disease, bacterial. endocarditis
observations- general appearance- mouth
dehydrated- effects quality to clear sputum, hydrated, cyanosis- central= blue lips, purse lip breathing
observations- general appearance- oedema
peripheral, pitting, both signs of cardiac issues, as well as other organ problems
observations- general appearance- position
in bed- slumped?- impairs breathing ability, if uncomfortable- lack of movement- why? in a chair- how?
position of ease- SOB, fixing- always have hands on something as they are SOB, and accessory muscles cannot cope with stabilising body as well as breathing
observations- general appearance- chest- position
scoliosis, kyphosis, kyphoscoliosis- ability of lungs to inflate and deflate, pectus excavatum (funnel chest), pectus carinatum (pigeon test), hyperinflated/ barrel- chronic respiratory disease
observations- general appearance- chest- SOB and WOB
links to position, purse lip breathing, and accessory muscle use, able to talk in full sentences?, needing to pause in between sentences?
observations- general appearance- chest wall movement
symmetrical increase in anterior-posterior, transverse and vertical diameters (diaphragm) of chest
observations- general appearance- 2 components of chest wall movement
antero-posterior angle/pump handle- lifting sternum superior and anterior,
transverse angle/ bucket handle- increase lateral dimensions of rib cage
altered breathing pattern- eupnoea, aponea
eupneoa- normal good, unlabored breathing, resting respiratory rate,
aponea- stopped breathing, control centre makes you breath again
altered breathing pattern- hypopnoea and cheyne stoking
hypopnea- there is a decrease of airflow for at least 10 seconds in respirations, a 30-percent reduction in ventilation, and a decrease in oxygen saturation
cheyne stoking- The rate changes from a normal rate and rhythm to a new pattern of several rapid breaths followed by a period of no breathing (apnea).
altered breathing pattern- biots respiration and Kussmaul’s respiration
biots respiration- regular deep breaths followed by a series of no breathing
Kussmaul’s respiration- characterised by deep, rapid, and laboured breathing.
altered breathing pattern- ataxic and apneustic
ataxic breathing- characterised by complete irregularity of breathing, with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea
apneustic- characterised by deep, gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration followed by a brief, insufficient release
altered breathing pattern- tachypnoea and dyspnoea
tachypnoea- rapid breathing
dyspnoea- difficult or laboured breathing
altered breathing pattern- hyperpnoea
hyperpnoea- an increase in breathing rate or depth of breathing after strenuous exercise,
