Objective assessment 1

Question 1

signs of cardiorespiratory problems

Answer 1

SOB, cough, sputum, wheeze, pain, changes in exercise tolerance, functional ability, psychosocial changes

Question 2

objective assessment

Answer 2

observations, palpitations, auscultation, chest X ray/ imaging, pulmonary function test, pulse oximetry, Arterial blood gas, QOL / functional ability, exercise tolerance

Question 3

observations

Answer 3

general appearance, position, chest, skin colour, abdomen, use of accessory muscles, nasal flaring, lines// drains, oxygen therapy, quality of voice

Question 4

observations- general appearance- eyes

Answer 4

pallor= anaemia- not pink enough- lack of haemoglobin, plethora- high Hb, jaundice- liver/ blood disorders- lack of calcium, dropping- horner’s syndrome- sign of specific lung cancer, oedema- fluid retention

Question 5

observations- general appearance- hands

Answer 5

flapping tremor- holding too much C02, fine tremor- related to drugs people gave, wastage, clubbing, lung disease, nicotine stains, cyanosis- poor circulation, temperature- hot- linked to flapping tremor

Question 6

difference between central and peripheral cyanosis

Answer 6

Central cyanosis is associated with arterial desaturation and involves the skin, mucous membranes, lips, tongue, and nail beds. Peripheral cyanosis occurs when there is increased oxygen uptake in peripheral tissues

Question 7

what causes clubbing

Answer 7

congenital heart disease, bacterial. endocarditis

Question 8

observations- general appearance- mouth

Answer 8

dehydrated- effects quality to clear sputum, hydrated, cyanosis- central= blue lips, purse lip breathing

Question 9

observations- general appearance- oedema

Answer 9

peripheral, pitting, both signs of cardiac issues, as well as other organ problems

Question 10

observations- general appearance- position

Answer 10

in bed- slumped?- impairs breathing ability, if uncomfortable- lack of movement- why? in a chair- how?
position of ease- SOB, fixing- always have hands on something as they are SOB, and accessory muscles cannot cope with stabilising body as well as breathing

Question 11

observations- general appearance- chest- position

Answer 11

scoliosis, kyphosis, kyphoscoliosis- ability of lungs to inflate and deflate, pectus excavatum (funnel chest), pectus carinatum (pigeon test), hyperinflated/ barrel- chronic respiratory disease

Question 12

observations- general appearance- chest- SOB and WOB

Answer 12

links to position, purse lip breathing, and accessory muscle use, able to talk in full sentences?, needing to pause in between sentences?

Question 13

observations- general appearance- chest wall movement

Answer 13

symmetrical increase in anterior-posterior, transverse and vertical diameters (diaphragm) of chest

Question 14

observations- general appearance- 2 components of chest wall movement

Answer 14

antero-posterior angle/pump handle- lifting sternum superior and anterior,
transverse angle/ bucket handle- increase lateral dimensions of rib cage

Question 15

altered breathing pattern- eupnoea, aponea

Answer 15

eupneoa- normal good, unlabored breathing, resting respiratory rate,
aponea- stopped breathing, control centre makes you breath again

Question 16

altered breathing pattern- hypopnoea and cheyne stoking

Answer 16

hypopnea- there is a decrease of airflow for at least 10 seconds in respirations, a 30-percent reduction in ventilation, and a decrease in oxygen saturation
cheyne stoking- The rate changes from a normal rate and rhythm to a new pattern of several rapid breaths followed by a period of no breathing (apnea).

Question 17

altered breathing pattern- biots respiration and Kussmaul’s respiration

Answer 17

biots respiration- regular deep breaths followed by a series of no breathing
Kussmaul’s respiration- characterised by deep, rapid, and laboured breathing.

Question 18

altered breathing pattern- ataxic and apneustic

Answer 18

ataxic breathing- characterised by complete irregularity of breathing, with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea
apneustic- characterised by deep, gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration followed by a brief, insufficient release

Question 19

altered breathing pattern- tachypnoea and dyspnoea

Answer 19

tachypnoea- rapid breathing

dyspnoea- difficult or laboured breathing

Question 20

altered breathing pattern- hyperpnoea

Answer 20

hyperpnoea- an increase in breathing rate or depth of breathing after strenuous exercise,