objective 4.4 (2)

Question 1

what are the uses of ear drugs?

Answer 1

• Relieve Pain
• Treat infection & Inflammation
• Aid in removal of wax

Question 2

what is the action, indications and therapeutic effects of antibacterial and antifungal otic drugs of ear?

Answer 2

Action:
* Inhibit growth of or kill bacteria/fungi in the external ear canal
(bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal)
Indications:
* Outer and middle ear infections
Therapeutic effect:
* swelling & relief of pruritis, erythema, & drainage

Question 3

what are the uses, adverse effects, and contraindications of corticosteroids of ear?

Answer 3

Uses: Controls inflammation, edema & pruritis,
relieves uncomfortable symptoms associated
with ear infection
Adverse Effects: masks symptoms of infection
Contraindications: viral or fungal infections;
perforated ear drums

Question 4

what are the MOA and uses of combinations of ear?

Answer 4

MOA: combines two or more products to achieve desired effects
from both; antimicrobial and steroid; antimicrobial and an
analgesic
Uses: painful infections; keep infective symptoms under control

Question 5

what are the MOA, uses, and nursing implications of wax emulsifiers

Answer 5

MOA: emulsify (soften, liquefy) cerumen to allow for it drain out
Uses: to aid in the removal of hardened cerumen (wax); when it blocks the
external auditory canal, it can cause pain and temporary hearing loss;
blockage actions of other medications previously discussed
Nursing Implications: don’t leave solution in ear for more than 30
minutes; need to instill and then irrigate

Question 6

more rapidly absorbed

Answer 6

sprays and inhalers

Question 7

• Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in nasal mucosa
• Some cause Rebound Vasodilation leading to further congestion
• Use cautiously with Hypertension as possibility of systemic
  vasoconstriction and tachycardia

Answer 7

nose decongestants

Question 8

what are the uses of antihistamines of nose?

Answer 8

Uses: decrease severity of symptoms of an allergic response; perennial
rhinitis (indoor), seasonal rhinitis (outdoor); sedation, motion sickness;
common cold, but do NOT destroy the virus causing the cold

Question 9

what are the MOAs, uses, adverse effects, and nursing implications of anti-inflammatories of nose?

Answer 9

MOA: decreases inflammation which in turn decreases local congestion; usually
steroids
Uses: allergic rhinitis (when antihistamines and decongestants have been
ineffective); most effective medication for allergies (steroids)
Adverse Effects: nasal burning, irritation & dryness, immunity suppression, nose
bleeds,
Nursing Implications: not recommended for long term, educate re: minimal
usage