Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > objective 4.4 (1) > Flashcards

objective 4.4 (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that constrict the pupil are known as

A

miotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Drugs that dilate the pupil are known as

A

mydriatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the major drug groups for meds of the eye?

A
  • Antimicrobials
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anesthetics (topical)
  • Diagnostic products
  • Antiallergics
    *Lubricants/Moisturizers
  • Antiglaucoma agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the indications of antimicrobials of the eyes?

A
  • Treat common infections of the eye caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses
  • Used to treat superficial eye infections, prophylaxis against gonorrhea in
    newborns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the therapeutic effects of antimicrobials of the eye?

A
  • Destroy the invading organism or inhibit growth so body’s immune system can
    fight the infection (typically the same as oral forms discussed in 4.1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the adverse effects of antimicrobials of the eyes>

A
  • hypersensitivity or superinfections, inflammation, burning, stinging, urticarial
    (advise against prolonged or frequent intermittent use), blurred vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the common antimicrobials for eyes?

A
  • bacitracin (AK-Tracin)
  • gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin, Gentacidin)
  • Silver nitrate (antiseptic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the MOAs for anti inflammatory drugs of the eyes?

A
  • Corticosteroids: Act to reduce the inflammatory response
  • NSAID’s: reduce pain, & erythema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the indications of anti inflammatory drugs of the eyes

A

treat allergic reactions of eye, acute non-infectious inflammatory conditions
(conjunctivitis), also used to prevent rejection of a cornea transplant; also to
treat ocular surgery related pain and inflammation; eye injury (initial stages-
prevent fibrosis and scarring) prior to ocular surgery to prevent or reduce
miosis (pupil constriction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are teh adverse effects of anti inflammatory drugs for eyes?

A

treat allergic reactions of eye, acute non-infectious inflammatory conditions
(conjunctivitis), also used to prevent rejection of a cornea transplant; also to
treat ocular surgery related pain and inflammation; eye injury (initial stages-
prevent fibrosis and scarring) prior to ocular surgery to prevent or reduce
miosis (pupil constriction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the MOAs for anaesthetics of the eyes?

A
  • Prevent pain during surgical procedures and eye exams , including removal of
    embedded foreign objects
  • Short term use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the adverse effects of anaesthetics of the eyes>

A

Rare, usually limited to Local effects (stinging, burning, redness, lacrimation,
and blurred vision), can potentially cause systemic Stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • dilates the pupil (mydriasis) and paralyzes the ciliary muscle (cycloplegic
    refraction) which prevent accommodation
  • Assist in eye exam or to treat uveal tract inflammatory states
A

aytropine sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diagnostic dye used to identify corneal defects and locate foreign objects
in the eye.

A

fluorescein sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Used to treat symptoms of hayfever
  • Competes with histamine for receptor sites (Histamine causes the itching and tearing)
    antihistamine
A

olopatadine hydrochloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Inhibits release of inflammatory producing mediators from sensitized inflammatory cells called
    mast cells.
  • Helps to reduce the itchy eye symptoms from allergies by stabilizing mast cells
    mast cell stabilizers
A

Cromolyn sodium, nedocromil sodium

17
Q
  • Promotes vasoconstriction of blood vessels in and around the eye. Reduces edema associate with
    allergic and inflammatory responses
  • Used to control redness, burning, and other minor irritations
A

Visine  (Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride), Clear Eyes  (naphazoline)

18
Q
  • Provides lubrication or moisture for the eyes, imitates
    natural secretions, isotonic solution
  • Helpful to pts with dry or irritated eyes., commonly
    used among the elderly
A

Artificial tears, Eye Lube A, Isopto Tears

19
Q

Treatment of Glaucoma involves reducing Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
by either increasing the drainage of aqueous humour or decreasing
the production

A

anti-glaucoma agents

20
Q

what are the indications for miotics?

A
  • Glaucoma (open and closed angle), convergent strabismus (cross eye), Ocular
    surgery
  • Decrease IOP to relieve glaucoma symptoms, constrict pupil after eye exam
21
Q

what is the action for miotics?

A

Contract pupil (miosis)   in space where aqueous humor flows   IOP

22
Q

what are the adverse effects of miotics?

A

burning, tearing, brow ache (local); decreased B/P, flushing, GI upset, frequent
urination (systemic)

23
Q

what are the contraindications of miotics?

A

eye conditions where constriction may cause problems

24
Q

what are the indications of mydriatics

A

Glaucoma & Ocular hypertension, decreases redness, irritation

25
Q

what is the action of mydriatics

A
  • Lower IOP by  outflow of aqueous humor and decreasing production
  • Also results in dilation of the pupils, constricts superficial blood vessels,
    decreases aqueous fluid production (both effects are dose related)
26
Q

what are the adverse effects pf mydriatics

A

irritation (local), headache, increased heartrate, increased BP (systemic)

27
Q

what are the indications and actions of beta blockers?

A

Chronic open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (I)
increase rate of production of aqueous humor, thus lowering IOP (A)

28
Q

what are the indications and actions of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

glaucoma (I)
Reduce ocular hypertension by causing blood to become hypertonic in
relation to intraocular fluids, which draws fluid from aqueous humor and
reduces IOP (A)

29
Q

what are the indications and actiosn of osmotic diuretics?

A

Indications:
* Glaucoma & Preoperatively to control IOP
Action
* Inhibits enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which results in decreased IOP
by reduction of aqueous humour formation

30
Q

what is the MOA, indications, and adverse effects of prostaglandin agonists?

A
  • MOA: increases outflow of aqueous fluid b/t the uvea and sclera in
    addition to the route via trabecular meshwork (fig 57-7)
  • Indications: glaucoma
  • Adverse Effects: sensation of foreign body in eye, stinging,
    bloodshot eyes, blurred vision, itching..

Pharm (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions