OBJ 4.7

Question 1

Blocking

Answer 1

This is the aggregation of area into a block of space, usually at the department level, based on the desired adjacency and support requirements.

Question 2

Stacking

Answer 2

Placement of the block within a building volume, showing the organization being studied and 3D adjacencies, where each unit is represented by a volume of space as quantified by the program data.

Question 3

Bubble Diagram

Answer 3

A freehand diagrammatic drawing made by architects to be used for space planning and organization at the preliminary phase of the design process.

Question 4

Service Spaces

Answer 4

Service spaces or secondary spaces, as well as service access, must be planned for during programming. Mechanical rooms should be centrally located to minimize the length of ducts and runs.

Question 5

Typical Building Efficiencies

Answer 5

Hospitals: 55% College student unions, courthouses, retail stores: 60% Apartments, college classrooms: 65% Auditoriums, banks, restaurants: 70% Prisons, offices: 75% Department stores: 80% Parking garages, service areas: 85%

Question 6

Organizational Patterns

Answer 6

Functional needs of a project, the client’s goal, site conditions, desired symbolism, patterns of growth, or other additional factors influencing how the physical environment is organized.

Question 7

Efficiency

Answer 7

This is the net-to-gross ratio dictated by a client or obtained using common efficiency ratios. This ratio ranges from 60–80%; any percentage below 60% is considered inefficient. Efficient means that an area is functioning in the best possible manner with the least waste of space.

Question 8

Proxemics

Answer 8

This is a term created by Edward T. Hall to describe interrelated observations and theories of human use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture that deals with issues of spacing between people, territoriality, organization of space, and positioning of people in space, all relative to the culture of which they are a part.

Question 9

Personal Space: Intimate Distance

Answer 9

People come within this distance for special conditions. 6 to 18 inches.

Question 10

Personal Space: Personal Distance

Answer 10

General distance maintained between a person and other people. 8 to 30 inches.

Question 11

Personal Space: Social Distance

Answer 11

Interaction between strangers. 4 to 12 feet.

Question 12

Personal Space: Public Distance

Answer 12

Greatest amount of formal space between people. 12 feet and further.

Question 13

Ambulatory

Answer 13

Capable of walking without great difficulty. Not bedridden.

Question 14

Intimate Distance: Outside (Plazas)

Answer 14

4,000 feet: Detection 80 feet: Recognition 40 feet: Beginning of intimate space 10 feet and less: In direct relation

Question 15

Occupancy Type A

Answer 15

Assembly

Question 16

Occupancy Type B

Answer 16

Business

Question 17

Occupancy Type E

Answer 17

Educational

Question 18

Occupancy Type F

Answer 18

Factory and Industrial

Question 19

Occupancy Type H

Answer 19

Hazardous

Question 20

Occupancy Type I

Answer 20

Institutional

Question 21

Occupancy Type M

Answer 21

Mercantile

Question 22

Occupancy Type R

Answer 22

Residential

Question 23

Occupancy Type S

Answer 23

Storage

Question 24

Occupancy Type U

Answer 24

Utilities

Question 25

A-1

Answer 25

Assembly with fixed seats for viewing of movie theaters, live performance (Performances or movie theaters)

Question 26

A-2

Answer 26

Assembly for food and drink consumption (bars, restaurants, clubs)

Question 27

A-3

Answer 27

Assembly for worship, recreation, etc. not classified elsewhere

(Libraries, art museums, conference rooms > 50)

Question 28

A-4

Answer 28

assembly for viewing of indoor sports (arenas)

Question 29

A-5

Answer 29

Assembly for outdoor sports

(stadiums)

Question 30

B

Answer 30

Business for office or service transactions (Offices, banks, educational above the 12th grade, post office)

Question 31

E

Answer 31

educational by >5 people through 12th grade (Grade schools, high schools, day care if >5 children and > 2.5 years old)

Question 32

F-1

Answer 32

Factory moderate hazard

Question 33

F-2

Answer 33

Factory low hazard

Question 34

I-1

Answer 34

>16 ambulatory people on 24-hour basis assisted living, group home, convalescent facilities

Question 35

I-2

Answer 35

Medical care on 24-hour basis hospitals, skilled care nursing

Question 36

I-3

Answer 36

>5 people restrained jails, prisons, reformatories

Question 37

I-4

Answer 37

daycare for >5 adults or infants (<2.5 yr)

daycare for infants

Question 38

M

Answer 38

mercantile department stores, markets, retail stores, drug stores, sales rooms

Question 39

R-1

Answer 39

Residential for transient lodging hotels and motels

Question 40

R-2

Answer 40

residential with 3 or more units apartments, dormitories, condominiums, convents

Question 41

R-3

Answer 41

1 or 2 dwelling units with attached uses or child care <6, less than 24-hour care bed and breakfast, small child care

Question 42

R-4

Answer 42

residential assisted living where number of occupants >5 but <16 small assisted living