OBJ 4.1

Question 1

What term corresponds to this image?

Answer 1

Tension

Question 2

Friable

Answer 2

Easily crumbled. Friable and non-friable are used to describe asbestos. Asbestos containing materials that are friable pose a much more significant hazard than non-friable asbestos because of the increased potential for particulates to become airborne.

Question 3

ACM

(Asbestos-Containing Material)

Answer 3

Asbestos-containing material, defined as any material containing more than 1% asbestos.

Question 4

White

Chrysolite

Answer 4

White asbestos is the most common form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos in the United States and other countries.

Question 5

Brown

Amosite

Answer 5

Brown asbestos was used most frequently in cement sheets and pipe insulation. It can also be found in insulating board, ceiling tiles, and thermal insulation products.

Question 6

Blue

Crocidolite

Answer 6

Blue asbestos was commonly used to insulate steam engines; it was also used in some spray-on coatings, pipe insulation, plastics, and cement products.

Question 7

Abatement

Answer 7

The process of removing hazardous materials such as asbestos-containing materials and lead from an existing building before renovation begins.

Question 8

Encapsulation

Answer 8

A form of abating ACM or another hazardous material by covering it up with another material and leaving it in place, in lieu of outright removal. Can only encapsulate if there is no demolition or renovation.

Question 9

When was asbestos banned by the EPA?

Answer 9

1989, However, much of the original rule was vacated by the US fifth circuit court of appeals in 1991.

Question 10

When was asbestos banned for the use of fireproofing and insulation?

Answer 10

1973, by NESHAP (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air pollutants)

Question 11

What can Asbestos cause?

Answer 11

Lung cancer, asbestosis (scarring of the lungs), mesothelioma ( a cancer of the lining of the chest or abdominal cavity)

Question 12

Where can asbestos be found in existing buildings?

Answer 12

Pipe, blown-in insulation, asphalt flooring, vinyl sheet and tile flooring, construction mastics, ceiling tiles, textured paints, roofing shingles, cement siding, caulking, and vinyl wall coverings

Question 13

When does the EPA require asbestos removal?

Answer 13

During building demolition or renovation, done by a licensed contractor

Question 14

Radon

Answer 14

Colorless, odorless, tasteless, naturally occurring radioactive gas found in soils, rocks, and water. Can cause lung cancer, most of the risk comes from breathing air contaminated with radon and its decay products

Question 15

Where can Radon be found?

Answer 15

Within a building that is in direct contact with the soil, such as basements.

Question 16

What are some Radon mitigation standards?

Answer 16

• sealing cracks in floors, walls, and foundations
• venting the soil outside the foundation wall
• depressurizing the voids within a block wall foundation (block wall depressurization)
• ventilating the crawl space with a fan (crawl space depressurization)
• using a vent pipe without a fan to draw air from under a slab to the outside (passive sub-slab depressurization)
• using a fan-powered vent to draw air from below the slab (active sub-slab depressurization)
• Using a fan-powered vent to draw air from below a membrane laid on the crawl space floor (sub-membrane depressurization)

Question 17

What are PCBs?

Answer 17

Polychlorinated Biphenyls - mixtures of synthetic organic chemicals, with physical properties ranging from oily liquids to waxy solids.

Found in building transformers, fluorescent light transformers, paints, coatings, and plastic and rubber products.

Question 18

What is the course of action if PCBs is found on site?

Answer 18

They must be handled by a certified contractor and disposed of by incineration, dechlorination, or placement in an approved chemical waste landfill.

Question 19

Remediation

Answer 19

The removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water.

Question 20

Dry Rot

Answer 20

Decay of wood components in a building from a fungus that causes deterioration of the wood.

Question 21

Satellite Tenants

Answer 21

Tenants in a mall building that are not anchor tenants.

Question 22

Anchor Tenant

Answer 22

The leading tenant in a mall building, such as a department store, that serves as the primary draw.

Question 23

What term corresponds to this image?

Answer 23

Shear

Question 24

What term corresponds to this image?

Answer 24

Moment

Question 25

What term corresponds to this image?

Answer 25

Compression

Question 26

What term corresponds to this image?

Answer 26

Buckling

Question 27

What term corresponds to this image?

Answer 27

Bending

Question 28

What term corresponds to this image?

Answer 28

Torsion

Question 29

What are 4 treatment approaches for a historical landmark? List from most historically accurate to least

Answer 29

Preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, reconstruction

Question 30

Preservation

Answer 30

Retain all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance, and repair. It respects the building’s continuum over time and the respectful changes and alterations that have been made throughout the building’s lifespan.

Question 31

Rehabilitation

Answer 31

emphasizes the retention and repair of historic materials, but gives more latitude to replacement, typically because the property is more deteriorated before work begins.

Question 32

Restoration

Answer 32

Focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property’s history, while permitting the removal of materials from other periods.

Question 33

Reconstruction

Answer 33

Allows the opportunity to re-create a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in new materials.