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PHRM 852 Public Health > Obesity Part 1, 2, and 3 Olenik > Flashcards

Obesity Part 1, 2, and 3 Olenik Flashcards

1
Q

what portion of adults in the
United States can be described
as overweight or obese?

a. ~1 in 4 adults
b. nearly 3 in 4 adults
c. half of the population
d. ~1 in 6 adults

A

b. nearly 3 in 4 adults

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2
Q

% of Americans that are severly obese

A

9%

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3
Q

how many deaths per year are due to excess weight, obesity, inactivity?

A

300,000 deaths

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4
Q

BMI of 18.5 or less

A

underweight

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5
Q

BMI of 18.6-24.9

A

normal weight

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6
Q

BMI of 25-29.9

A

overweight

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7
Q

BMI of 30 and above

A

obese

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8
Q

women waist measurement should be < ___ inches

A

< 35 inches

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9
Q

men waist measurement should be < ___ inches

A

40 inches

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10
Q

true or false: location of body fat is a predictor of health risks

A

true

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11
Q

excess fat in the __________ (apple shape) linked to HTN, diabetes, early heart disease, and certain cancers

A

abdomen

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12
Q

active endocrine organ for inflammation

A

adipose tissue

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13
Q

silent inflammation is associated with excessive _______ _______

A

visceral fat

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14
Q

pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors secreted by adipocytes (ex. TNF-alpha, adiponectin, leptin)

A

adipocytokines

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15
Q

definition of non-sickness

A

simply surviving; NOT in a healthy state of thriving

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16
Q

1 contributor for obesity

A

behavioral factors

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17
Q

true or false: not eating breakfast, high glycemic index carbs, and refined/added sugars are contributing factors for obesity

A

true

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18
Q

women should get _____-_____ calories per day to reduce dietary energy intake

A

1200-1500

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19
Q

men should get _____-_____ calories per day to reduce dietary energy intake

A

1500 to 1800

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20
Q

what is the 2nd option for reducing dietary energy intake?

A

500 to 750 kcal less per day or by 30% of total

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21
Q

patients need ___-___ calories/pound/day

A

10-18

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22
Q

10 cal/lb -> ?
15 cal/lb -> ?
20 cal/lb -> ?

A

10 cal/lb -> weight loss
15 cal/lb -> maintenance
20 cal/lb -> weight gain

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23
Q

which provides the highest amount of calories per gram of food?

a. protein
b. alcohol
c. carbs
d. fat

A

d. fat

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24
Q

protein and carbs are ____ calories/gram

A

4

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25
Q

fat is ____ calories/gram

A

9

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26
Q

glucose’s glycemic index

A

100

27
Q

on a nutrition facts label, daily value of ____% or less is low

A

5%

28
Q

on a nutrition facts label, daily value of ____% or more is high

A

20%

29
Q

calories from solid fats and/or added sugars; few or no nutrients

A

empty calories

30
Q

sugars and syrups that are added when foods or beverages are processed or prepared

A

added sugars

31
Q

solid fats = fats that are solid at what temperature?

A

room temp

32
Q

solid fats are added when foods are ______ by food companies when they are prepared

A

processed

33
Q

what are PCMRs?

A

portion controlled meal replacements (example of a weight loss program)

34
Q

goal amount of physical activity needed per day

A

30 minutes

35
Q

more than ____% of adults do not meet the
guidelines for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities

A

80%

(same with adolescents and aerobic activity)

36
Q

to lose weight with exercise alone, you need ____ minutes of strenuous exercise per day

A

90

37
Q

moderate physical activity is any activity that burns how many kcal//min? (range)

A

3.5 to 7 kcal/min

38
Q

vigorous physical activity is any activity that burns more than ____ kcal/min

A

7 kcal/min

39
Q

Peak heart rate equation

A

220 - age (in years)

40
Q

what is behavioral therapy for weight loss? (from internet)

A

treatment where techniques are used to change unhealthy behaviors/individual barriers to weight loss

41
Q

what does OARS stand for for motivational interviewing?

A

-open-ended questions
-affirmation
-reflections
-summaries

42
Q

who are candidates for weight loss surgery?

A

pts with BMI of 40 or more or BMI of 35 or more with coexisting conditions, when other methods have failed

43
Q

how long is surveillance of a patient who has received weight loss surgery?

A

lifelong

44
Q

most common bariatric surgery in USA (slide 33)

a. roux-en-Y gastric bypass
b. gastric band
c. sleeve gastrectomy
d. BPD/DS (biliopancreatic diversion w/ duodenal switch)

A

c. sleeve gastrectomy

45
Q

difference between gastric bypass (roux-en-Y) and sleeve gastrectomy

A

in gastric bypass, food bypasses most of upper GI tract, while in sleeve gastrectomy, 80-85% of the stomach is removed

46
Q

true or false: a sleeve gastrectomy is reversible

A

false (irreversible)

47
Q

clinical implication of bariatric surgery: which of the following is false?

a. Enteric-coated and sustained release formulations should be converted to the immed release preparations
b. Restrictive procedures are theoretically less prone to alterations in drug absorption compared to the bypass procedure
c. Reduced absorption of drugs dependent upon an acidic environment for dissolution
d. Decreased risk of ulcerations with certain drugs

A

d. Decreased risk of ulcerations with certain drugs (it would be increased)

48
Q

what is the NWCR?

A

national weight control registry

49
Q

inclusion criteria for NWCR

A

pt lost at least 30 lbs and kept it off for at least one year

50
Q

which macronutrients results in the greatest rise in insulin levels?

a. protein
b. fat
c. carbs

A

c. carbs

51
Q

is leptin long-term or short-term? Does it increase or decrease food intake?

A

long-term; decrease

52
Q

is grehlin long-term or short-term? Does it increase or decrease food intake?

A

short-term; increases

53
Q

what is structural tension?

A

the diff between where we are and where we want to be (relationship between a vision and current reality)

53
Q

which describes fundamental choice?

a. defines our state of being
b. defines our health goal
c. the day-to-day actions we take to achieve our primary choices

A

a. defines our state of being

(ex. I choose to have optimal health)

54
Q

which describes primary choices?

a. defines our state of being
b. defines our health goal
c. the day-to-day actions we take to achieve our primary choices

A

b. defines our health goal

(ex. I will maintain a healthy weight)

55
Q

which describes secondary choices?

a. defines our state of being
b. defines our health goal
c. the day-to-day actions we take to achieve our primary choices

A

c. the day-to-day actions we take to achieve our primary choices

(ex. I will go to the pool 3 days per week)

56
Q

3 factors associated with weight regain

A

-dietary disinhibition
-dec in physical activity
-depression

57
Q

what does BE SLIM stand for?

A

-breakfast
-exercise
-support
-low-fat meals every 3 hours
-individual plan
-monitor progress

58
Q

what is thermogenesis?

A

the energy expended to absorb, process, and store nutrients

59
Q

1 pound of muscle burns ___-___ calories per day, at rest

A

50-70

60
Q

what is sarcopenia?

A

loss of muscle when we get older and do less physical activity (we lose about 1 lb of muscle each year w/o resistance training)

61
Q

dietary fiber target (range)

A

25-50 grams/day

62
Q

U.S. average amount of dietary fiber per day

A

16 grams/day

PHRM 852 Public Health (7 decks)

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