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PHRM 852 Public Health > Emerging Infectious Diseases Kays > Flashcards

Emerging Infectious Diseases Kays Flashcards

1
Q

most frequent cause of CRE (carbapenemase-resistant enterobacterales) infections in the United States

A

KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carapenemase)

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2
Q

mean incubation period for SARS-CoV-2

A

5-6 days (range 2-12 days)

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3
Q

FDA-approved humanized monoclonal antibody against the human IL-6 receptor

A

tocilizumab

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4
Q

remdesivir MOA for COVID

A

interferes with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; delayed chain termination of viral RNA transcription

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5
Q

remdesivir should be initiated within ___ days of symptom onset for COVID

A

7 days

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6
Q

nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) is suggested to be initiated within ___ days of symptom onset

A

5

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7
Q

true or false: Paxlovid is dosed based on renal function

A

true

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7
Q

what year was Monkeypox discovered?

A

1958 (first human case in 1970)

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8
Q

what drug is recommended in ambulatory pts (at least 18 years of age) with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 at high risk of progression to severe disease who have no other treatment options?

A

molnupiravir (Lagevrio)

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9
Q

most common symptom of Monkeypox

A

rash

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10
Q

true or false: Monkeypox is more common in females

A

false (0% female, > 99% male, < 1% trans/nonbinary)

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11
Q

Monkeypox treatment drug

A

Tecovirimat

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12
Q

recommended regimen for chlamydial infection among adolescents and adults

A

doxycycline 100 mg orally BID for 7 days

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13
Q

alternative drugs for treatment of STIs (2 of them; not doxycycline)

A

azithromycin or levofloxacin

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14
Q

what drug is the recommended regimen for uncomplicated gonococcal infection of the cervix, urethra, or rectum among adults and adolescents?

A

ceftriaxone 500 mg in single dose for persons < 150 kg

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15
Q

drug for primary and secondary syphilis among adults (2 of them)

A

benzathiene penicillin; doxycycline

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16
Q

drug for neurosyphilis, ocular syphilis, or otosyphilis among adults

A

aqueous crystalline penicillin G

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17
Q

example of acquired resistance (slide 52 of 82)

A

fluoroquinolones vs P. aeruginosa

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17
Q

what is intrinsic resistance vs acquired resistance? (from the internet)

A

Intrinsic is a natural resistance, the organism is always resistant. Acquired is is when an organism is initially susceptible, but mutations occur that make it resistant (“acquired”)

18
Q

three specific mechanisms of intrinsic resistance (slide 55 of 82)

A

-enzymatic inactivation
-alteration of target site
-altered permeability of bacterial cell

19
Q

3 mechanisms of genetic exchange for resistance (slide 53 of 82)

A

-conjugation
-transduction
-transformation

20
Q

common cause of CRE in Europe

A

OXA-48

21
Q

which gene encodes for resistance to colistin?

A

MCR-1

22
Q

3 stages of COVID-19 disease progression

A

-stage 1 -> early infection
-stage 2 -> pulmonary phase
-stage 3 -> hyperinflammation phase

23
Q

when is the viral response phase for COVID-19? (slide 11)

A

from start of stage I to end of stage II

24
Q

when is the host inflammatory response phase for COVID-19? (slide 11)

A

from stage II to end of stage III

25
Q

3 STI’s we talked about in lecture

A

chlamydia
gonorrhea
syphilis

26
Q

what was Alexander Fleming’s warning in 1945?

A

basically about how the misuse of penicillin would lead to resistance

27
Q

which is not an example of intrinsic resistance? (slide 52)

a. beta-lactams vs mycoplasma
b. fluoroquinolones vs P. aeruginosa
c. vancomycin vs gram-negatives
d. cephalosporins vs enterococci
e. aminoglycosides vs anaerobes

A

b. fluoroquinolones vs P. aeruginosa

28
Q

which is most common mechanism of resistance?

a. conjugation
b. transduction
c. transformation

A

a. conjugation

29
Q

which mechanism of genetic exchange involves transfer of genes between bacteria by bacteriophage (viruses)?

a. conjugation
b. transduction
c. transformation

A

b. transduction

30
Q

Ambler classification is for what class of enzymes?

A

beta-lactamases

(goes from A to D)

31
Q

two urgent antibiotic resistance threats in the US, 2019 (bolded on slide 60)

A

-Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter
-Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales

32
Q

KPC is

a. class A
b. class B
c. class C
d. class D

A

a. class A

33
Q

NDM (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase) is readily transmissible among gram-neg bacilli and is

a. class A
b. class B
c. class C
d. class D

A

b. class B

34
Q

OXA-type (Oxacillinase) is the predominant cause of carbapenam-resistant Acenetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and is

a. class A
b. class B
c. class C
d. class D

A

d. class D

35
Q

which is a potent, reversible inhibitor of class A, class C, and some class D (OXA-48) β-lactamases?

a. ceftazidime
b. avibactam

A

b. avibactam

36
Q

which is a 3rd generation cephalosporin with activity against P. aeruginosa?

a. ceftazidime
b. avibactam

A

a. ceftazidime

37
Q

ceftazidime-avibactam (Avycaz) 3 FDA-approved indications (slide 67)

A

-complicated intra-abdominal infections, in combo with metronidazole
-complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis
-hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP)/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP)

38
Q

which is a broad-spectrum carbapenem?

a. meropenem
b. vaborbactam

A

a. meropenem

39
Q

which is a novel boronic acid-based beta-lactamase inhibitor?

a. meropenem
b. vaborbactam

A

b. vaborbactam

40
Q

Vaborbactam inhibits which two classes of lactamases?

A

A and C

41
Q

meropenem-vaborbactam (Vabomere) FDA approved indication

A

complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis

42
Q

Recarbrio is a combo of imipenem, cilastatin, and relebactem. What drug class are imipenem and relebactam?

A

imipenem -> carbapenem
relebactam -> beta-lactamase inhibitor against class A and C

43
Q

FDA approved indications of imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam (Recarbrio) (2 of them)

A

-complicated UTI including pyelonephritis
-complicated intra-abdominal infections

44
Q

what drug is a “Trojan horse” siderophone cephalosporin?

A

cefiderocol (Fetroja)

PHRM 852 Public Health (7 decks)

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