Obesity, Excercise, Mobility and Transition

Question 1

How is obesity defined ?

Answer 1

“Having excess body fat, enlarged fat cells, and even an increased number of fat cells” = 20% or more above ideal weight

Question 2

Obesity is a major risk factor for

Answer 2

early death, diabetes, increased health care cost

Question 3

Clinical manifestations of Obesity

Answer 3

Diabetes PCOS MI Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Fatty Liver Disease (Hepatic Steatosis) Gallstones Cerebral Atherosclerosis Osteoarthritis

Question 4

Discuss the physiology of obesity

Answer 4

The increase in adipose tissue causes C reactive proteins to bind to leptin, which prohibits them from crossing the blood brain barrier to then alert the hypothalamus that the body is full. As a result, the person does not feel full and they keep eating and as a result gain weight.

Question 5

Cardiovascular effects of immobility

Answer 5

increase cardiac workload, increased heart rate, heart failure, DVP, decreased peripheral pulses, risk of orthostatic hypotensioln

Question 6

Respiratory effects of immobility

Answer 6

decreased respiration (bradypnea), increased risk for pneumonia, chest pain, impaired gas exchange, shortness of breath

Question 7

GI effects of immobility

Answer 7

decreased appetite, constipation, decreased peristalsis, acid reflux, decreased absorption

Question 8

GU effects of immobility

Answer 8

increased risk for venal calculi (kidney stones),, urinary incontinence, increased risk of UTI, urinary stasis

Question 9

Skin effects of immobility

Answer 9

breakdowns, ulcers, rash, decreased vitamin D potentially

Question 10

MS effects of immobility

Answer 10

Risk of contractures, stiffnes, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, , bone demineralization, osteoarthritis

Question 11

What is DASH ?

Answer 11

Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension Low Sodium options

Question 12

Metabolic effects of immobility

Answer 12

Increased production of PTH, Glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia

Question 13

Psychosocial effects of immobility

Answer 13

decreased mood, decreased level of circulating neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin)

Question 14

What are some classic deficiency diseases that are now not really seen in developed areas within the US?

Answer 14

•rickets, pellagra, scurvy, beriberi

Question 15

Cholesterol levels should be limited to ….

Answer 15

•Cholesterol: <300 mg/day (200 mg if at risk)

Question 16

What does the DASH diet do?

Answer 16

It seeks to speed weight loss and boost metabolism by eliminating refined grains, processed foods and reducing extra or added sugars

It promotes a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat and nonfat dairy, lean meats/fish/poultry, nuts/beans/seeds, heart healthy fats, and limited amounts of whole grains.

Question 18

What is the LEARN approach for weight loss?

Answer 18

Lifestyle

Excercise

Attitudes

Relationships

Nutrition