Obesity and regulation of appetite (Pathophys) Flashcards
BMI of an obese person
> 30
Indirect measure of central adiposity
Abdominal obesity (40 inches in men, 35 in women)
Percentage of obesity that is genetic
50%
What is REE
Resting energy expenditure: basal metabolic rate (2/3 daily energy spent)
What is EEE
Exercise energy expenditure
What is TEF
Thermal energy of food: energy required to eat and digest food
Examples of NEAT
Fidgeting and shaky legs
Two major obesity mutations
Melatonin-4
Leptin
Environmental risks factors for obesity
Diet and physical inactivity Education Socioeconimic status Obesagins (endocrine disrupting chemicals (trans fat) Mutations in human microbiome
Why may mutations in micro biome increase obesity? examples
Stool of obese patients showed they take in more of the food they eat
Bacteriodes higher in leaner patients
Firmicutes lower
Best diet to increased bacteriodes
Low carb
What is leptin
Hormone that regulates weight loss by decreasing appetite
Leptin level in obese patients**
Increased
What is Grehlin
Stimulates appetite
Grehlin levels in obesity**
Decreased
Endocannabinoid role in obesity
Signals hunger increase, is overactive in obesity and can increase insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
How does leptin work**
Blocks orexigenic pathway (by blocking NPY neurons)
Stimulates POMC through MC4 receptors
What will MC4 receptor mutation cause
Will cause leptin to be ineffective
One positive of obesity**
Increased bone mineral density
Qualifications for Lap surgery
BMI > 35 plus 2 comorbidities
