Obesity and regulation of appetite (Pathophys)

Question 1

BMI of an obese person

Answer 1

> 30

Question 2

Indirect measure of central adiposity

Answer 2

Abdominal obesity (40 inches in men, 35 in women)

Question 3

Percentage of obesity that is genetic

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

What is REE

Answer 4

Resting energy expenditure: basal metabolic rate (2/3 daily energy spent)

Question 5

What is EEE

Answer 5

Exercise energy expenditure

Question 6

What is TEF

Answer 6

Thermal energy of food: energy required to eat and digest food

Question 7

Examples of NEAT

Answer 7

Fidgeting and shaky legs

Question 8

Two major obesity mutations

Answer 8

Melatonin-4

Leptin

Question 9

Environmental risks factors for obesity

Answer 9

Diet and physical inactivity
Education
Socioeconimic status
Obesagins (endocrine disrupting chemicals (trans fat)
Mutations in human microbiome

Question 10

Why may mutations in micro biome increase obesity? examples

Answer 10

Stool of obese patients showed they take in more of the food they eat
Bacteriodes higher in leaner patients
Firmicutes lower

Question 11

Best diet to increased bacteriodes

Answer 11

Low carb

Question 12

What is leptin

Answer 12

Hormone that regulates weight loss by decreasing appetite

Question 13

Leptin level in obese patients**

Answer 13

Increased

Question 14

What is Grehlin

Answer 14

Stimulates appetite

Question 15

Grehlin levels in obesity**

Answer 15

Decreased

Question 16

Endocannabinoid role in obesity

Answer 16

Signals hunger increase, is overactive in obesity and can increase insulin resistance in peripheral tissues

Question 17

How does leptin work**

Answer 17

Blocks orexigenic pathway (by blocking NPY neurons)

Stimulates POMC through MC4 receptors

Question 18

What will MC4 receptor mutation cause

Answer 18

Will cause leptin to be ineffective

Question 19

One positive of obesity**

Answer 19

Increased bone mineral density

Question 20

Qualifications for Lap surgery

Answer 20

BMI > 35 plus 2 comorbidities