obesity Flashcards
What’s the recommended maximum daily sugar intake? (in grams)
Adults 30g
children (7-10) 24g
children (4-6) 19g
What’s the recommended maximum daily sugar intake? (in cubes)
Adults 7 cubes children (7-10) 6 cubes
children (4-6) 5 cubes
what is the recommended weekly amount of physical activity for adults
150 mins mod intensity or 75 vigorous intensity
minimise sedentary time
strength and improve balance 2 days a week
what is the definition of obesity
Obesity is a disorder in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that health may be adversely affected.
mostly assessed by BMI
how is obesity classified by BMI
Healthy 18.5-24.9
Overweight 25-29.9
obesity 30 (inc by 5 to II and III)
Kids - age, gender, weight chart (85th gentile overweight and 95th obese)
Nuances in classification by BMI
Children - use age & gender specific standards
Athletes - particularly those with high muscle mass
People at the extremes of the height distribution
Non-Caucasian populations
(BMI >27.5 in Asian comparable morbidities in Caucasian BMI >30)
Patterns of obesity
General obesity – fat is distributed over the whole body
Central abdominal obesity – fat is distributed mainly in the chest and abdomen.
what are the risks with central abdominal obesity
associated with higher risks of diabetes, raised blood lipids, and greater cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to general obesity
Definition of central obesity
Waist circ. >= 94cm /37 inches in men
Waist circ. >= 80cm/31.5 inches in women
Definition of metabolic syndrome
A cluster of conditions (body fat, blood lipids, BP, blood sugar associated with increased risk of stroke, heart disease and diabetes)
need inc waist circulation and at least 2 of raised blood TG, red HDLC, raised BP and raised fasting glucose
what are cultural perspectives on obesity
Many contemporary cultures still value fatness, but thinness more valued in post industrial societies
Acculturation - migrants to industrialized societies often gain weight due (diet and reduced activity) – e.g. USA Mexicans
Individual social factors associated with weight - unmodifiable
Gender – stigmatization more common for women
Age – life stages, gain weight in adulthood, lose it in old age (reflects physiology, calorie intake, activity levels)
Ethnicity – inc by ethnicity, may reflect calorie intake and physical activity as much as genetics
Employment – (higher income – better diet, activity, structure). Unemployed women more likely to be overweight and unemployed men underweight.
Parenthood – increases with each child. Childbearing weight (physiological), while childrearing (reduced activity and changes to dietary patterns)
Individual social factors associated with weight - modifiable
Income – Low income consume less fruit and veg but more calories
Education – More knowledge about nutrition. Energy expenditure is inversely associated with education
Marriage – obese people marry later, and more likely to marry obese partners. Married men weigh more than single men.
Household size – elderly live alone are more likely to be underweight
Residential density but rural residents slightly heavier
Is obesity at epidemic levels?
worldwide increased prevalence
dramatic acceleration in last decade
predicted to overtake smoking in preventable cause of death
how does the UK compare to other countries
UK does not compare well with more countries
Dramatic accelerations and dire predictions
Linked to gender, ethnicity, deprivation and parental obesity
Many children already with problems at reception
Picture can change in individual children
