Living anatomy - anterior abdominal wall

Question 1

what makes up the costal margin

Answer 1

7-10th costal cartilages

Question 2

what structures border the top of the abdominal cavity

Answer 2

diploid process
7-10th costal cartilages
11th and 12th floating ribs

Question 3

what structures border the lower abdominal region

Answer 3

iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
pubic tubercle

Question 4

why is it useful to be able to find the pubic tubercle

Answer 4

approximate location for deep ring of inguinal canal (common place for hernias)
between pubic tubercle and ASIS

Question 5

What is the linea alba

Answer 5

midline vertical line

meeting point for aponeuroses (tendonous sheets) of all flat muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Question 6

what is the rectus abdominis

Answer 6

vertical muscles either side of midline

tendinous intersections = six pack lines to stop muscle bowing

Question 7

what is the linea semilunaris

Answer 7

lateral border of the rectus abdominus muscle extending from the pubic tubercle upward to intersect the costal cartilage at the tip of the 9th costal cartilage.

Question 8

what are the other muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 8

transversus abdominus

internal and external oblique

Question 9

what is the arcuate line

Answer 9

internal oblique and transversus abdominis aporneuroses pass anteriorly to rectus abdominis
form rectal sheath (still in front at bottom)

Question 10

what is the 4 region division

Answer 10

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

Question 11

What is the 9 region division

Answer 11

RHR EGR LHR
RLR UR LLR
RIR HGR LIR
divided by R and L midclavicular lines, transpyloric plane and transtubercular plane

Question 12

where is the transpyloric plane

Answer 12

between the suprasternal notch and the pubic symphysis
passes through body of the first lumbar vertebra posteriorly and through the costal margin at the tip of the 9th costal margin anteriorly

Question 13

where is the transtubecular plane

Answer 13

around the trunk at the level of the iliac tubercles, on the iliac crests.
extend line posteriorly it would cross the vertebral column at the level of L5 vertebra.

Question 14

where is McBurney’s point

Answer 14

in RLQ

1/3 way from ASIS to umbilicus

Question 15

what is an aporneuroses

Answer 15

flat tendon

Question 16

what directions do the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall move

Answer 16

EO - anteriorly medially inferiorly (hands in pockets)
IO A M superiorly
TA anteriorly and medially (transversely)

Question 17

what structures make up the walls of the inguinal canal

Answer 17

roof- fibres of IO TA and aponeurosis inc conjoint tendon
anterior - aponeurosis of EO
floor- inguinal ligament
Posterior- transversalis muscle

Question 18

which parts of the digestive tract are suspended by a mesentery

Answer 18

stomach, SI and transverse colon

Question 19

what structure connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Answer 19

greater omentum, four layers of peritoneum

Question 20

how many lobes in the liver

Answer 20

4

left right caudate quadrate

Question 21

where do the renal arteries arise and drain

Answer 21

aorta at L1/2 and IVC at L1/2

Question 22

how do the lengths of the renal arteries compare

Answer 22

aorta slightly left of midline so right renal artery is longer
left renal vein has to travel over aorta so is longer to reach IVC from kidney