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104 Theme 1 > contents of the abdomen > Flashcards

contents of the abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what are the simpler abdominal subdivisions

A

right and left upper quadrants

right and left lower quadrants

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2
Q

what are the abdominal subdivisions

A

right hypochondriac region - epigastric region - left hypochondriac
right lumbar - umbilical - left lumbar
right inguinal (iliac) - hypogastric (pubic) - left inguinal (iliac)

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3
Q

what divides the hypochondriac/epigastric from the lumbar/umbilical regions

A

subcostal line

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4
Q

what divides the lumbar/hypochondriac from the inguinal/hypogastric regions

A

transtubercular line

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5
Q

what are the contents of the RUQ

A 
Right lobe of liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
head of pancreas
hepatic flexure of colon
part of ascending and transverse colon
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6
Q

contents of the LUQ

A 
Stomach
Spleen 
Left lobe of liver
Body of pancreas
Splenic flexure of colon
Part of transverse and descending colon
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7
Q

contents of the RLQ

A

Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Small intestine

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8
Q

contents of the LLQ

A

Small intestine
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

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9
Q

Processes of the digestive system

A 
Processes
Ingestion
Secretion of digestive fluids
Mixing and propulsion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
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10
Q

what is the basic histology of the intestine

A

Serous – outer membrane, encloses several cavities, secrete lubricating fluid, outer epithelial layer (secretory) and inner layer (connective tissue with vessels)
Muscular – longitudinal or circular, responsible for moving lumen contents
Mucosal – inner layer, lines internal organs or cavities exposed to external environment, secretes mucus and involved in absorption

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11
Q

what are the GI tract divisions

A 
Oral cavity 
Pharynx
Oesophagus 
-Diaphragm- 
Stomach
Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
Large intestine (colon)
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12
Q

what is contained in the oral cavity/pharynx

A

Teeth – accessory organs, assist mechanical digestion
Palate – roof of mouth, soft palate blocks nasal cavity in swallowing
Tongue – accessory organ, taste, assist mixing and swallowing
Salivary glands – secretion of saliva (dissolve food)
Pharynx – directs food to oesophagus, blocks entry to trachea (epiglottis)

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13
Q

what is contained in the oesophagus

A 
Muscular tube – 25cm long
Posterior to trachea
Upper edge – pharynx
Pierce diaphragm 
Opens to stomach
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14
Q

what is the anatomy of the stomach

A

Most dilated part of alimentary canal
Between oesophagus and small intestine
J-shaped, lies under diaphragm and under heart
2 openings, curvature, surfaces
Mechanical (muscle) and chemical (gastric juices) digestion

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15
Q

what are the orifices of the stomach

A

Cardial orifice – link to oesophagus

Pyloric orifice – link to small intestine

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16
Q

what are the curvatures of the stomach

A

Lesser curvature (superior border) and greater curvature (inferior)

17
Q

what are the sphincters of the stomach

A

Pyloric and cardial sphincters

3 layered muscles – longitudinal, circular, oblique

18
Q

what is the small intestine

A

Convoluted tube
Pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction
5m in length
Subdivided into duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Digestion and absorption

19
Q

what is the duodenum

A

12 fingers ie about 20-25 cm long
Retroperitoneal
C shaped
4 parts- superior, descending, horizontal, ascending
Where duct from pancreas and gall bladder open (bile and pancreatic juices)
Ends at duodenal – jejunal flexure

20
Q

what is the jejunum/ileum

A

At least 3m long from duodenal-jejunal flexure to ileocaecal junction
Site of absorption – large SA further increased by circular folds, villi, microvilli and motility
Motility – one attached and one free edge

21
Q

what is the large intestine

A

Terminal division of GI tract – from end ileum to anus
1.5m length, greater cross section compared to small
4 parts (R to L) ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
Ascending/descending are retroperitoneal
Absorption of water from faeces and expelling these
Rectum/anus – sphincters close outside world except when defecating

22
Q

what artery, vein and lymphatics go to the foregut

A

A celiac
V portal
L celiac nodes

23
Q

what artery, vein and lymphatics go to the midgut

A

superior mesenteric

24
Q

what artery, vein and lymphatics go to the hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric

25
Q

what is the sympathetic and parasympathetic supply to the foregut

A

S celiac ganglia

PS vagus

26
Q

what is the sympathetic and parasympathetic supply to the midgut

A

S superior mesenteric ganglia

PS vagus

27
Q

what is the sympathetic and parasympathetic supply to the hindgut

A

S inferior mesenteric ganglia

PS pelvic splanchnic

28
Q

how does the superior mesenteric artery branch

A 
Runs for distal part duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon 
Jejunal and ileal branches
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocaecal
29
Q

how does the inferior mesenteric artery branch

A

Runs from distal 1/3 transverse colon to half way down anal canal
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal

30
Q

sympathetic innervation to abdomen (autonomic)

A

splanchnic (pre)

sympathetic trunk and ganglia (para)

31
Q

parasympathetic innervation to abdomen (autonomic)

A 
vagus (CNX)
pelvic splanchnic (S2-4)
32
Q

what are the. gut associated glands

A

Liver
Spleen
Gall bladder
Pancreas

104 Theme 1 (18 decks)

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