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Wellness > obesity > Flashcards

obesity Flashcards

1
Q

what is the word for environments that promote increased food intake, nonhealthful food, and physical inactivity?

A

obeseogenic

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2
Q

what percent of US adults are overweight

A

more than 68 percent

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3
Q

what are rates of obesity among men?

A

34.4 percent

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4
Q

what are obesity rates among women?

A

36.1 percent

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5
Q

how do overweight and obesity rank as leading causes of death?

A

5 th

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6
Q

how may adults worldwide aged 20 and over are obese?

A

nearly 1.5 billion

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7
Q

how many children under 5 worldwide are obese

A

49 million

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8
Q

what mental health problems are associated with overweight and obesity?

A

increased rates of depression and anxiety disorders

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9
Q

What cardiovascular health effects are associated with overweight and obesity?

A

.High blood pressure

.Higher triglyceride levels and decrease HDL levels, bothe factors in the development of cardiovascular disease

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10
Q

What weight gain doubles a persons risk of type 2 diabetes?

A

a weight gain of 11-18 pounds

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11
Q

What effects do overweight and obesity have on sexual functioning?

A

higher rates of sexual dysfunction
increased risk for prostate, endometrial, and uterine cancer
increased risk of breast cancer in women
increased risk of fetal and maternal death, labor and delivery complication and birth defects

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12
Q

What effects do overwight and obesity have on the immune system?

A

tendency towards more infectious diseases

reduced wound healing

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13
Q

what effects do overweight and obesity have on the heart

A

a dramatically increased risk for all forms of heart disease

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14
Q

what effects do overweight and obesity have on the respiratory system>

A

increased risk of sleep apnea and asthma

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15
Q

what effects do overwight and obesity have on the digestive system?

A

increased risks for colon gallbladder and kidney cancers

increased risk of gallbladder disease

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16
Q

what effects do overweight and obesity have on bones and joints

A

for every 2 pound increase in wight the risk of arthiritis increases 9 to 13 percent
increased risk of osteoarthiritis especially in weight bearing joints such as knees and hips

17
Q

what is the significance of the FTO gene?

A

people with cerain feneric variations may tend to graze for food more often, eat mor calories, and consume more more food every day.

18
Q

thrifty genes

A

african and indian fat people’s ancestors struggled with famine and so they developed slow metabolisms

19
Q

what is basal metabolic rate

how many calories is average (same as 4-8 yr old girl)

A

the minimum rate at which the body uses energy when working to maintain basic vital functions. BMR for the average healthy adult i 1200 to 18000 calories a day

20
Q

what is resting metabolic rate?

A

resting metabolic rate includesth BMR plus any energy expended through daily sedentary activities such as food digestion, sitting studying and standing

21
Q

exercise metabolic rate

A

accounts for all additional metabolic activities

22
Q

how much does a person’s BMR slow down per year after turning thirty?

A

1 to 2 percent

23
Q

what is the theory of adaptive thermogenesis?

A

this theory holds that the brain slows metabolic activity and energy expenditure as a form of defensive protection against possible starvation, which makes weight loss difficult.

24
Q

what is set poin theory

A

this theory holds that our bodies fight to maintain our weight around a narrow range or set point.

25
Q

what are yo-yo diets? why are they doomed to fail?

A

diets in which people repeatedly gain weight and then lose it quickly. when such dieters resume eating their BMR is set lower.

26
Q

what is the hunger hormone?

A

ghrelin

27
Q

what hormone signals fullness?

A

leptin

28
Q

what is hyperplasia?

A

an excess of fat cells

29
Q

what is hypertrophy?

A

excessive size of fat cells

30
Q

what are some environmental factors that contribute to obesity?

A 
advertising
prepackaged high calorie foods
society eating more and normalizing high calorie consumption
bottle feeding infants
misleading food labels
31
Q

socioeconomic effects on wight gain

A

.unsafe neighborhoods
,food as a reward
.lack of access to nutritious foods
lack of time due to shiftwork, long commutes. multiple jobs.

32
Q

what percent of total calories do adults, on average, get from fast foods

A

11.3

33
Q

of all the factors affecting obesity, what is perhaps the most critical?

A

the relationship between activity and calorie intake

34
Q

what is one thing that makes determining activity levels through surveys difficult?

A

people surveyed overestimate their daily exercis e level and intensity

Wellness (9 decks)

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