cancer and diabetes Flashcards
how many times a day does the heart contract?
100k
how many quarts of blood does the human body contain
6
how many chambers does the heart have?
4
what are the two large upper chambers of the heart called and what is their function?
the atria, they receive blood from the rest of the body
what are the two lower chambers of the heart called and what is their function?
the ventricles. they ump bolood out again
what is the first stage of blood passing through the heart?
deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae
what is the second stage of blood moving through the heart?
blood moves from the right atrium into the right ventricle from there it is pumped through the pulmonary arteries into the lungs
what is the 3rd stage
blood picks up oxygen and discards carbon dioxide in the lungs. it then goes through th pulmonary veins into the left atrium
what is the fourth stage?
oxygenated blood is forced from the left atrium into the left ventricle, from ther it is pumped through the aorta into the rest of the body’s blood vessels
what is the role of arteries?
to carry blood away from the heart
all arteries carry oxygenated blood except for which?
pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
what smaller vessels do arteries divide into?
arterioles
and then into what?
capillaries
what are carbon dioxide and other waste products transported to the lungs and kidneys through?
veins and venules
what is the bundle of cells that produces the electrical impulse that governs heart rate? where is it located?
sinoatrial mode.right atrium
what is the average bpm of the adult heart
70-80
among what age group is CVD significantly more prevalent among men than women?
20-39
from 1984 CVD has____________
claimed more women than men every year
among those aged 20 to 39, what is the rate of metabolic syd.
20.3
among those 40 to 59 what is the rate of metabolic synd.
40.8
among those 60 and over what is the rate of metabolic synd.
nearly 52
who have the highest rates of CVD among wome
African Americans and Pacific Islanders at 34 and 33 percent
Among men who hav the highest
Pacific islanders and African Americans at 34 and 33
Who have the lowest rate of deaths from CVD
American Indians and Alaskan NAtives
what percent of en will die within one year of an initail heart attack?
25
what percent of women
38
what is the economic burden of cardio disease on our society
more than 315 billion in direct and indirect costs
194 is direct
what percent of all deaths globally does CVD account for
30
what percent of men 20-39 years old has Cvd, what percent of womern
12.1, 10,1
what percent 40-59 years old
40-43.4
what percent 60-79
70.2-70.9
what percent 80 and older
83-87.1
what does hypertension refer to?
sustained high blood pressure. In general the higher your blood pressure the greater your risk for CVD
how many in 3 adults have high bp
1
what percent of African Americans have high bp?
47
what is the top number in a bp reading and what does it mean?
systolic pressure: the pressure applied to the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts
what is the bottom number and what does it mean?
diastolic pressure: pressure applied to the walls of the arteries during the hearts relaxation phase
how many americans die every day of CVD
2150
what is a normal bp reading
less than 120 systolic and less then 80 diastolic
what is a prehypertension bp reading?
systolic 120 to 139 or diastolic 80-89
what is a hypertension stage 1 reading?
systolic 140-159 or diastolic 90-99
what is a stage 2 hypertension reading?
systolic greater than or equal to 160 or diastolic greater than or equal to 100
when does disastolic bp increase til after which point it declines
55
what type of bp tends to increase with age
systolic
men under the age of 45 ar________
nearly twice as likey as women to be hypertensive
women have higher rates of hypertension after__________
65
what can treatment of hypertension involve?
reduction of sodium and calorie intake regular exercise relaxation treatment of sleep disorders weight loss use of diuretics and othe meds effective coping and communication
what is Atherosclerosis?
the buildup of plaques in the blood
what is a key factor in the buildup of plaques?
hyperlipedemia
what is a common name for atherosclerosis?
coronary artery disease
what is the limitation of the heart’s blood and oxygen supply called?
ischemia
what is atherosclerosis in the lower extremities called
peripheral artery disease
how many people hav PAD in the us
over 8.5 million people
what most often characterizes PAD?
pain and aching in the legs calves and feet upon walking or exercis
