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Wellness > cancer and diabetes > Flashcards

cancer and diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

how many times a day does the heart contract?

A

100k

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2
Q

how many quarts of blood does the human body contain

A

6

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3
Q

how many chambers does the heart have?

A

4

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4
Q

what are the two large upper chambers of the heart called and what is their function?

A

the atria, they receive blood from the rest of the body

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5
Q

what are the two lower chambers of the heart called and what is their function?

A

the ventricles. they ump bolood out again

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6
Q

what is the first stage of blood passing through the heart?

A

deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae

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7
Q

what is the second stage of blood moving through the heart?

A

blood moves from the right atrium into the right ventricle from there it is pumped through the pulmonary arteries into the lungs

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8
Q

what is the 3rd stage

A

blood picks up oxygen and discards carbon dioxide in the lungs. it then goes through th pulmonary veins into the left atrium

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9
Q

what is the fourth stage?

A

oxygenated blood is forced from the left atrium into the left ventricle, from ther it is pumped through the aorta into the rest of the body’s blood vessels

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10
Q

what is the role of arteries?

A

to carry blood away from the heart

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11
Q

all arteries carry oxygenated blood except for which?

A

pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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12
Q

what smaller vessels do arteries divide into?

A

arterioles

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13
Q

and then into what?

A

capillaries

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14
Q

what are carbon dioxide and other waste products transported to the lungs and kidneys through?

A

veins and venules

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15
Q

what is the bundle of cells that produces the electrical impulse that governs heart rate? where is it located?

A

sinoatrial mode.right atrium

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16
Q

what is the average bpm of the adult heart

A

70-80

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17
Q

among what age group is CVD significantly more prevalent among men than women?

A

20-39

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18
Q

from 1984 CVD has____________

A

claimed more women than men every year

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19
Q

among those aged 20 to 39, what is the rate of metabolic syd.

A

20.3

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20
Q

among those 40 to 59 what is the rate of metabolic synd.

A

40.8

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21
Q

among those 60 and over what is the rate of metabolic synd.

A

nearly 52

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22
Q

who have the highest rates of CVD among wome

A

African Americans and Pacific Islanders at 34 and 33 percent

23
Q

Among men who hav the highest

A

Pacific islanders and African Americans at 34 and 33

24
Q

Who have the lowest rate of deaths from CVD

A

American Indians and Alaskan NAtives

25
Q

what percent of en will die within one year of an initail heart attack?

A

25

26
Q

what percent of women

A

38

27
Q

what is the economic burden of cardio disease on our society

A

more than 315 billion in direct and indirect costs

194 is direct

28
Q

what percent of all deaths globally does CVD account for

A

30

29
Q

what percent of men 20-39 years old has Cvd, what percent of womern

A

12.1, 10,1

30
Q

what percent 40-59 years old

A

40-43.4

31
Q

what percent 60-79

A

70.2-70.9

32
Q

what percent 80 and older

A

83-87.1

33
Q

what does hypertension refer to?

A

sustained high blood pressure. In general the higher your blood pressure the greater your risk for CVD

34
Q

how many in 3 adults have high bp

A

1

35
Q

what percent of African Americans have high bp?

A

47

36
Q

what is the top number in a bp reading and what does it mean?

A

systolic pressure: the pressure applied to the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts

37
Q

what is the bottom number and what does it mean?

A

diastolic pressure: pressure applied to the walls of the arteries during the hearts relaxation phase

38
Q

how many americans die every day of CVD

A

2150

39
Q

what is a normal bp reading

A

less than 120 systolic and less then 80 diastolic

40
Q

what is a prehypertension bp reading?

A

systolic 120 to 139 or diastolic 80-89

41
Q

what is a hypertension stage 1 reading?

A

systolic 140-159 or diastolic 90-99

42
Q

what is a stage 2 hypertension reading?

A

systolic greater than or equal to 160 or diastolic greater than or equal to 100

43
Q

when does disastolic bp increase til after which point it declines

A

55

44
Q

what type of bp tends to increase with age

A

systolic

45
Q

men under the age of 45 ar________

A

nearly twice as likey as women to be hypertensive

46
Q

women have higher rates of hypertension after__________

A

65

47
Q

what can treatment of hypertension involve?

A 
reduction of sodium and calorie intake
regular exercise
relaxation
treatment of sleep disorders
weight loss
use of diuretics and othe meds
effective coping and communication
48
Q

what is Atherosclerosis?

A

the buildup of plaques in the blood

49
Q

what is a key factor in the buildup of plaques?

A

hyperlipedemia

50
Q

what is a common name for atherosclerosis?

A

coronary artery disease

51
Q

what is the limitation of the heart’s blood and oxygen supply called?

A

ischemia

52
Q

what is atherosclerosis in the lower extremities called

A

peripheral artery disease

53
Q

how many people hav PAD in the us

A

over 8.5 million people

54
Q

what most often characterizes PAD?

A

pain and aching in the legs calves and feet upon walking or exercis

Wellness (9 decks)

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