Obesity Flashcards
Overweight BMI
BMI 25-29.9
Morbidly Obese BMI
> 40
Underweight BMI
Normal BMI
18.5 - 24.9
Etiology of Obesity
Storage of excess body fat due to imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure over an extending period of time
Obesity influenced by…
Genes (some don’t sense being full as easily as others)
Metabolic/physical
Behavioral/social/cultural
Environmental
Adverse Health Consequences of Overweight and Obese Adults
HTN Dyslipidemia Type 2 diabetes CAD CHF Stroke Gallbladder disease OA Sleep apnea and respiratory problems Some cancers (endometrial, breast, prostate, colon) Depression
Cardiac workload
Greater for obese individuals at any given level of activity
Metabolic syndrome
Primary risk factors
Central (abdominal) obesity
Insulin resistance
Waist circumference has a stronger correlation to health risks associated with metabolic syndrome than either BMI or percent body fat
MS
Presence of 3 or more of the following
Elevated waist circumference
Elevated triglycerides
Reduced HDL
Elevated BP
Elevated fasting glucose
Elevated waist circumference
Men > 40
Women > 35
Elevated triglycerides
Equal to or greater than 150 mg/dL
Reduced HDL
Men
Elevated BP
Equal to or greater than 130/85
OR
Use of medication for HTN
Elevated fasting glucose
Equal to or greater than 100
OR
Use of medication for hyperglycemia
Bio electrical impedance
You can’t be lying down for more than 2-5 min
If you drink a lot of water, it will mix up the results
Interventions for Obesity
Nutrition PA/exercise Behavior modification/lifestyle change Medication Surgery
Weight loss goals
Modest target weight loss of 10% body weight
Rate of 1 to 2 lbs per week
Benefits of PA
Help control weight
Lower BP
Raise HDL
Reduce diabetes risk
Improves self-esteem
Recommendations for PA
Children and adolescents should do 60 min or more of PA each day
Adults Need at Least…
2 hours and 30 min of mod-int aerobic activity every week
2 or more days a week or strengthening all major mm groups
OR
1 hour 15 min of vigorous-int aerobic activity every week
2 or more days a week of strengthening all major mm groups
OR
Equivalent mix of mod- and vig-int aerobic activity and mm-strengthening activities on 2+ days a week that work all major mm groups
Mode recommendations
Aerobic
Strengthening/resistance exercise
Flexibility exercise
Balance exercise
Intensity recommendations
Start low intensity and gradually increase to moderate intensity
Gradually increase duration and frequency
Most successful exercise program
Moderate intensity
Long duration
Performed frequently
Interesting/fun
Childhood obesity
Excess weight is the most common health problem facing children
BMI in Children and Adolescents
Age and sex specific
95th percentile and above considered obese
Every hour of TV associated with
2% increased risk in obesity
Percentage obese at age 6
50% into adulthood
Percentage obese at age 10
80% into adulthood
Causes of childhood obesity
Energy intake > energy expenditure
Endocrine
Hormonal
Genetic
Conditions associated with overweight/obesity in children
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Blount’s disease
Slipped Capitol Femoral Ephiphysis
Obese children more likely to have…
High BP
High cholesterol
Increased risk of glucose intolerance
Breathing problems, such as apnea and asthma
Joint problems
MSK discomfort
Greater risk of social and psychological problems
Nutritional interventions
Childhood obesity
Education
Changes in advertising
Healthy school lunches
Adequate varied health food choices
Exercise recommendations
Childhood Obesity
Increased rec activities
Organized sports
Adequate PE in school
Decreased sedentary screen time
Good Exercises for Child 8 and Younger
Take child to park or zoo
Play ball in the backyard
Walk dog with child
Try to take child walking before dinner
Encourage your child to take part in sports they like
Marching in place, prancing, jumping rope, jumping jacks, skipping, running backwards, jumping on a mini trampoline
Walking, skipping, cycling, using a scooter, running
Kicking, throwing, hitting
Playground
Gymnastics, dancing, calisthenics, martial arts at non-competitive level
Exercises for Older Children and Teenagers
Competition by 9 or 10
Running
Push-ups
Abdominal curls
Step ups
Strength training using 1-10 lb weights
Teens - vigorous aerobics, NO POWER LIFTING
Parent Encouragement to Obese Child
Stairs instead of elevators
Play active games at recess or after school
Walk while talking to a friend instead of sitting
Dance during lunch break
Join a school team
Go to a camp
Join a youth organization
Obese BMI
BMI > 30
