HIV/AIDS

Question 1

HIV into AIDS when

Answer 1

CD4 count

Question 2

Viral load

Answer 2

Number of HIV cells

Strength of the virus

Question 3

Cell count

Answer 3

Number of lymphocytes per unit of blood

Strength of the immune system

Question 4

HAART

Answer 4

Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment

Question 5

HIV/AIDS Stages

Answer 5

Asymptomatic
Early symptomatic
Advanced

Question 6

HIV transmission

Answer 6

Birth
Breast feeding
Stuck with infected needle
Fluid splash in mouth or eyes
Risky sexual behavior
IV drug users
Blood transfusions

Question 7

Signs of HIV

Answer 7

Opportunistic diseases

Adrenal gland infections
Thyroid dysfunction
Herpes simplex
Zoster (Shingles)
Bacterial infections
Fever
Weight loss
Nausea
Peripheral neuropathy
Toxoplasmosis
CNS lymphoma
AIDS dementia
Meningitis
Myelopathy
Flu
TB
Arthritis
Liver disease
Malabsorption

Question 8

Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS

Answer 8

Pneumocystic pneumonia

Question 9

Opportunistic Neoplasms

Answer 9

Kaposi's sarcoma
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Cervical cancer
CNS lymphoma

Question 10

Anti Retroviral Therapy

Answer 10

Introduced in 90s

ATZ

Question 11

HAART

Answer 11

Fixed dose combos

Timing of initiation is crucial…

AIDS wasting syndrome

Must be used as directed

Question 12

Lymphodystrophy

Answer 12

AIDS wasting syndrome

Caused by HAART

Fat redistribution - body weight maintained

• • Significant wasting of extremities and face
• • Increased girth of abdomen, upper back, thorax

Complications - heart disease, stroke

Question 13

Exercise role in AWS

Answer 13

Reduce central fat gain

Increase mm bulk, strength, functional capacity

Important to MONITOR…

Postural changes
Hip and waist circumference
Bra size
Changes in body image

Question 14

Myopathy

Answer 14

General abnormality of disease of the mm caused by deletion of the mitochondria

Question 15

Myopathy symptoms

Answer 15

Myalgia/chronic pain
Increased CPK
Type II fiber atrophy
Denervation
Proximal mm weakness

Dx - EMG, mm biopsy

Question 16

Exercise in acute myopathy?

Answer 16

EXERCISE IS CONTRAINDICATED

Question 17

Role of exercise in chronic myopathy

Answer 17

Can benefit

Present with…

Weakness of proximal mm groups
Difficulty…

Transitioning sit to stand
Climbing stairs
Arms OH long periods
Rising from squat

Question 18

Myopathy tx

Answer 18

May be responsive to steroids
Massage
Yoga
Relaxation
Meditation
Discontinue medicinal cause
Monitor pain ratings - calves, thighs, upper arms

Question 19

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer 19

Most common complication of HIV

Pathogenesis largely unknown

Predictors of poor outcomes…
Increased age
Weight loss
Lower CD4 count

STOCKING GLOVE

Question 20

PN Rehab

Answer 20

Specific attention to feet...
Pt ed - skin checks, footwear
Biomechanical changes...
Pronated feet
Tendonitis

Monitor…
Severity of pain
Distribution of sensory loss
MMT

Question 21

Asymptomatic rehab

Answer 21

Unrestricted ex and activity

Competitive sports ok

Avoid overtraining and overuse

Question 22

Early symptomatic rehab

Answer 22

Continue ex training

Well-designed exercise program based on consistent re-evaluation

Avoid..
Stressful competition
Intense exercise

Question 23

Advanced disease rehab

Answer 23

Remain physically active
Frequent exercise
Symptom limited basis of training
Avoid strenuous training
Careful monitoring of health status

Question 24

HIV Process

Answer 24

Attaches to t-cell
Injects t-cell
Invades t-cell
Becomes a part of the t-cell's DNA
Programs t-cell to make more HIV