HIV/AIDS Flashcards
HIV into AIDS when
CD4 count
Viral load
Number of HIV cells
Strength of the virus
Cell count
Number of lymphocytes per unit of blood
Strength of the immune system
HAART
Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment
HIV/AIDS Stages
Asymptomatic
Early symptomatic
Advanced
HIV transmission
Birth Breast feeding Stuck with infected needle Fluid splash in mouth or eyes Risky sexual behavior IV drug users Blood transfusions
Signs of HIV
Opportunistic diseases
Adrenal gland infections Thyroid dysfunction Herpes simplex Zoster (Shingles) Bacterial infections Fever Weight loss Nausea Peripheral neuropathy Toxoplasmosis CNS lymphoma AIDS dementia Meningitis Myelopathy Flu TB Arthritis Liver disease Malabsorption
Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystic pneumonia
Opportunistic Neoplasms
Kaposi's sarcoma Non-hodgkins lymphoma Squamous cell carcinoma Cervical cancer CNS lymphoma
Anti Retroviral Therapy
Introduced in 90s
ATZ
HAART
Fixed dose combos
Timing of initiation is crucial…
AIDS wasting syndrome
Must be used as directed
Lymphodystrophy
AIDS wasting syndrome
Caused by HAART
Fat redistribution - body weight maintained
- Significant wasting of extremities and face
- Increased girth of abdomen, upper back, thorax
Complications - heart disease, stroke
Exercise role in AWS
Reduce central fat gain
Increase mm bulk, strength, functional capacity
Important to MONITOR…
Postural changes
Hip and waist circumference
Bra size
Changes in body image
Myopathy
General abnormality of disease of the mm caused by deletion of the mitochondria
Myopathy symptoms
Myalgia/chronic pain Increased CPK Type II fiber atrophy Denervation Proximal mm weakness
Dx - EMG, mm biopsy
Exercise in acute myopathy?
EXERCISE IS CONTRAINDICATED
Role of exercise in chronic myopathy
Can benefit
Present with…
Weakness of proximal mm groups
Difficulty…
Transitioning sit to stand
Climbing stairs
Arms OH long periods
Rising from squat
Myopathy tx
May be responsive to steroids Massage Yoga Relaxation Meditation Discontinue medicinal cause Monitor pain ratings - calves, thighs, upper arms
Peripheral neuropathy
Most common complication of HIV
Pathogenesis largely unknown
Predictors of poor outcomes…
Increased age
Weight loss
Lower CD4 count
STOCKING GLOVE
PN Rehab
Specific attention to feet... Pt ed - skin checks, footwear Biomechanical changes... Pronated feet Tendonitis
Monitor…
Severity of pain
Distribution of sensory loss
MMT
Asymptomatic rehab
Unrestricted ex and activity
Competitive sports ok
Avoid overtraining and overuse
Early symptomatic rehab
Continue ex training
Well-designed exercise program based on consistent re-evaluation
Avoid..
Stressful competition
Intense exercise
Advanced disease rehab
Remain physically active Frequent exercise Symptom limited basis of training Avoid strenuous training Careful monitoring of health status
HIV Process
Attaches to t-cell Injects t-cell Invades t-cell Becomes a part of the t-cell's DNA Programs t-cell to make more HIV
