Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lifespan > Nervous System Changes > Flashcards

Nervous System Changes Flashcards

1
Q

Experience dependent

A

Unique, unpredictable experiences dependent on the context

Motor learning as part of motor development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PNS growth rate

A

1 mm per day
1 in per month

Better chance of recovery with myelin sheath intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dead CNS neurons replaced by…

A

Glia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vicariation of fx

A

Another part of brain takes over fx of damaged areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Brain weight changes

A

@ birth = 25% of adult brain

Puberty = adult brain weight obtained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Periods for brain growth?

A

Yes and it is related to stages of cognitive development and language development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Decline in brain weight…

A

20

Cortex becomes thinner
Majority of loss occurs in WHITE matter (myelin)
Frontal + temporal > Parietal

15% loss throughout lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Executive fx
Decision making
Personality
Primary motor cx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Memory
Language
Communication
Limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Max neuron and glial cells…

A

Prenatal period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dendritic branching

A

Adult levels at 12-16 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hippocampus

A

30% loss after 30

ST to LT memory integration
Spatial navigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Brain structures that don’t typically show significant loss of neurons

A

Basal ganglia

Vital fx areas of brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neuronal shrinkage v death

A

Shrinkage more dominant when aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glial changes

A

Increased number of astrocytes and microglia

Decreased number of oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CNS adaptability

A

Into 70!

18
Q

Glucose metabolism

A

Measure of fxl maturation of brain

Newborn: primary motor and sensory cx, thalamus, brain stem, and midline of cerebellum

2-3 mo: P, T, primary visual cx, basal ganglia, and cerebellum hemispheres

6-8 mo: increase in frontal lobes

8-12 mo: frontal the most

19
Q

Glucose metabolism lower in…

A

Infancy

20
Q

NCV

A

PNS myelination done at birth
All CN except optic myelinated
Increases quickly after birth
Begins to decline at 30

Decreased by 1 m/sec each decade after 15-24 years

21
Q

Rxn time

A

Time btwn stimulus and motor response

Slower in children than adults
Peaks in young adulthood
Slows by 15-30% in older adulthood

22
Q

3 parts of rxn time

A
  1. Sensory transmission of input

“Visual cue”

  1. Motor execution time

“Foot from gas to break”

  1. Central processing - majority loss c age, but TRAINABLE

Stimulus ID - that’s a light
Response selection - what are you going to do
Response programming - motor planning

23
Q

Implicit memory

A

Procedural

Riding a bike

24
Q

Explicit memory

A

Declarative

Recall

25
Q

Working memory

A

Process of integrating ST into LT memory

26
Q

Intellectual ability peak

A

20-30

Maintained til 75

27
Q

Dementia

A

Impairment of some or all aspects of intellectual functioning as compared to previous level of cognition

Reversible - TBI, concussion
Irreversible - disease

Affects at least one...
Abstract thinking
Judgement and problem solving
Language
Personality
28
Q

Criteria for dementia diagnosis

A
  • Unmistakable deterioration in at least 2 cognitive domains
  • History of intellectual decline
  • Formal mental status testing
29
Q

Mini-Mental State

A

30 is normal

Lower = lower cognitive level

30
Q

Benign Senescent Forgetfulness

A

Persons with evidence of cognitive impairment who do not meet present clinical criteria for dementia

31
Q

Mild cognitive impairment

A

Mild but measurable impairment in thinking skills without presence of dementia

Memory-related: forget they had a convo, forget appts

Non-memory related: more prevalent

  • thinking skills
  • making sound decisions
  • abstract thinking impaired
32
Q

AD

A

Prevalent
Onset after 65
Females > males (estrogen, longer life expectancy)
No known cause

33
Q

AD genetic predisposition

A

RISK gene apolipoprotein E-e4 (APOE-e4)

Deterministic genes - APP, PS-1, PS-2
*if caused by these, it’s called ADAD or familial Alzheimer’s

34
Q

AD Risk Factors

A 
Age
APOE-e4
Fewer years formal education
Head trauma
HTN
High cholesterol
Family history
35
Q

AD clinical manifestations

A 
Gradual memory loss
Decline in ability to perform routine tasks
Disorientation time and space
Impaired judgment
Personality changes
Difficulty in learning
Loss of language and communication skills
General physical decline
36
Q

AD pathology

A

Atrophy and dilation of ventricles
Neurotic (beta-amyloid) plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles (tau)

Larger # in T + P with extension into F

Narrow gyri
Wide sulci
Seen especially in F and T lobes

37
Q

Pick’s disease

A

Degenerative dementia of unknown origin
Personality changes precede intellectual decline
MRI: + for frontal and temporal lobe atrophy

38
Q

AD course/prognosis

A

May be periods of plateau
Initial symptoms = memory loss
Later = physical deficits and will need complete care

39
Q

Appropriate goals for AD stages

A

Early stage - balance training, caregiver education

Middle stage - gait training, mm disuse atrophy, flexibility, rxn times

Late stage - PROM, caregiver instruction, assistive device use, bed mobility

40
Q

AD implications for PT

A

Physical activity - can alter progression
Motor learning - implicit/procedural learning and memory remain intact later

BLOCKED practice

41
Q

AD outcome measures

A

TUG
6MWT
Gait speed

42
Q

Experience expectant

A

If exposed to expected environmental stimuli = appropriate development

Lifespan (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions