Obesity

Question 1

What is obesity?

Answer 1

Abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually over 20% of individuals body weight

Question 2

What BMI is classed as obese?

Answer 2

Over 30 BMI

Question 3

What are risks on pregnancy with obesity?

Answer 3

• 3-4x more likely to develop GDM if obese
• Inflammation and increased insulin reisitance, hypertension - pre-eclampsia
• Depression due to body image, stigma and binge eating
• Higher risk of neonatal abnormalities with higher BMI, including neutral tube defects. Even though folic acid helps with neutral tube defects, it does not reduce risk when there is a high BMI
• Neonatal LGA / high birth weight
• Higher risk of stillbirth due to not being able to properly identify reduce in movement or congenital abnormality
• Labour/delivery complications - IOL, oxytocin use, failure to progress, instrumental delivery, shoulder dystocia, Caesarian section
• PPH or DVT

Question 4

What hormones are involved with hunger/obesity?

Answer 4

Ghrelin - indicated hunger, produced by stomach and stops when foods starts to be digested - hypothalamus will suppress appetite and produce serotonin
Insulin
Leptin - hormone that tells hypothalamus to stop eating, increase metabolism.

Question 5

What is Leptin resistance?

Answer 5

Receptors within the hypothalamus are less reactive to Leptin, so individual never feels satisfied and wants to carry on eating