NIPE - Eyes Flashcards
What is the purpose of eye NIPE?
To identify congenital cataracts within 72h of birth. Eye development is complex and a wide range of structural abnormalities may occur due to genetic or infective
When does NIPE have to be complete by?
72 hours
Why do we test the eyes during a NIPE?
Some abnormalities, including congenital cataracts, are treatable but require early detection, rapid referral and management to prevent lifelong visual impairment.
Why do we focus on congenital cataracts?
Most common treatable cause of blindness in childhood
Why is the incidence of congenital cataracts?
2/3 in 10,000. half will have cataract in both eyes. 1/5 have family history of cataracts.
What is the physiology of congenital cataracts?
Congenital cateracts is an opacity within the lens of the eye. A severe cateracts act blocks light and images from reaching the retina, preventing visual pathways development at a critical stage. It can cause blindness and developmental delays due to lack of light stimulation
What other eye abnormalities can be spotted during NIPE?
glaucoma - damage to optic nerve due to excess fluid, shown as large eyes, cloudy cornea or redness in eye
Leukocoria - pupil is white permanently
Retinoblastoma (life threatening) - malignant tumour in cells of retina shows as white reflex
Retinopathy of prematurity under 32 weeks (ROP) - retinal vascular network does not grow normally, overgrows so retina detached.
Coloboma - incomplete development of the eye.
Uveitis - inflammation of uveal tract (corner of eye).
Conjunctivitis - inflammation of conjunctiva causing red and sticky eye, caused from Chlamydia, gon or herpes, can cause long term damage.
Lists the parts of the eye
eyelid, eyelashes, cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, iris, anterior chamber, pupil, red reflex.
Where should eyes be inline with?
Top of ears
What happens to the eyes in week 4 of development?
Optic vessels form and lenses form - develop from ectoderm and mesoderm which are germ layers
What happens in week 13-16 to the eyes?
Slow eye movement occurred
What happens in week 21-25 to the eyes?
Rapid eye movement and blink - startled by noise
What happens in week 30-34 to the eyes
Pupillary light reflex formed (red reflex)
How does light pass through the eye?
Travels through cornea, pupil and lens. Then refracted to travel through retina, then to the optic nerve which has pathway to brain. Choroid layer supplies O2 for process to happen due to its blood supply
What happens if development of the eye is disrupted?
Threat to eye sight within the newborn. Potential delay in development due to lack of visual stimulation
