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Public Health > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

how many deaths per year from obesity

A

300,000

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2
Q

in 2010 how many states were over 30% obese

A

12 states

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3
Q

what percentage of americans are obese

A

greater than 30%

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4
Q

BMI is measured in what

A

kg/m^2

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5
Q

what fat is the most harmful

A

visceral fat

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6
Q

excess fat where is linked to HTN, diabetes, heart disease

A

abdomen

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7
Q

high risk waist measurements

A

women <35 in
men < 40 in

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8
Q

inflammation caused by

A

food, external environment, internal environment

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9
Q

what are adipocytokines

A

pro and anti inflammatory factors secreted by adipocytes

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10
Q

which hormone increases food intake

A

ghrelin (receptor: GHS)

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11
Q

non-sick is what

A

simply surviving, not in a healthy state of thriving

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12
Q

what is the #1 factor that contributes to obesity

A

behavioral (genetics and environment of today)

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13
Q

examples of processed foods

A

high sodium, bad fats, high glycemic index, nutrient empty

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14
Q

three basic principles of weight loss

A

movement, nutrition, behavioral therapy

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15
Q

reducing dietary intake calories reccomendation

A

1200-1500 calories in women
1500-1800 calories in men
or
decrease by 500 to 750 calories per day or by 30% total

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16
Q

patients need how many calories per pound per day

A

10-18
10 for loss
15 for maintenance
20 for gain

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17
Q

which macronutrient has highest amount calories per gram of food

A

fat

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18
Q

macronutrients calories per gram

A

fat - 9
carb - 4
protein - 4
alcohol - 7

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19
Q

available CHO =

A

total CHO - fiber

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20
Q

daily value of _% or less is low

A

5%

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21
Q

daily value of _% or more is high

A

20%

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22
Q

empty calories are what

A

calories from solid fats or added sugars

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23
Q

solid fats are what

A

fats that are solid at room temp

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24
Q

added sugars are what

A

in processed foods

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25
Q

physical activity goal

A

30 mins per day of moderate intensity activity

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26
Q

more than __% of adults do not meet the guidelines for both aerobic and muscle strengthening activities

A

80%

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27
Q

moderate physical activity heart rate percent

A

60 to 73 percent

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28
Q

vigorous physical activity heart rate percent

A

74 to 88 percent

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29
Q

peak heart rate is what

A

220-age

30
Q

what does OARS stand for

A

open-ended questions
affirmation
reflections
summaries

31
Q

medication therapy indication

A

BMI >30 or > 27 with risk factors AND did not lose weight or maintain weight loss with comprehensive lifestyle intervention

32
Q

CNS stimulants

A

phentermine, phendimetrazine, benzphetamine, diethylpropion

33
Q

lipase inhibitor med

A

orlistat

34
Q

opiod antagonist and dopamine/NE reuptake inhibitor

A

naltrexone and bupropion (Contrave)

35
Q

who can be considered for weight loss surgery

A

BMI > 40 or >35 with coexisting conditions

36
Q

gastric bypass procedure

A

reduces gastric volume 15-30mL
food bypasses most of upper GI tract

37
Q

sleeve gastrectomy

A

80-85% of stomach is removed, reduces gastric volume to tube or banana shaped pouch, irreversible

38
Q

CDC most recent data for healthy people percentage of obesity

A

41.9%

39
Q

what percent of patients successfully maintain their weight loss for 1-5 yearsq

A

20%

40
Q

which hormone is weight gain

A

ghrelin

41
Q

which hormone is weight loss

A

leptin

42
Q

what is a trigger event

A

event that creates desire to lose weight

43
Q

what is structural tension

A

difference in where we are and where we want to be

44
Q

fundamental choice defines what

A

our state of being

45
Q

primary choice defines what

A

our health goal

46
Q

secondary choice defines what

A

the day to day actions we take to achieve our primary choices

47
Q

BE SLIM

A

breakfast
exercise
support
low fat meal every 3 hours
individual plan
monitor progress

48
Q

what diet has decreased risk of death from cancer and reduced incidence of parkinsons

A

mediterranian diet

49
Q

what does mediteranian diet focus on

A

plant based foods, healthy fats, more fish

50
Q

patients that kept their weight off for at least ___ years had more than a 50% chance of not gaining it back

A

2

51
Q

1 lb of muscle burns ___ calories per day at rest

A

50-70 lbs

52
Q

time for body to register satiety

A

15-20 minutes

53
Q

fiber target for US

A

25-50 grams per day

54
Q

goals of pharmacotherapy weight loss, what percent

A

5-10% of initial weight over 6 months

55
Q

initial followup period for pharmacotherapy

A

every month for first 3 months then every 3 months

56
Q

melanocortin receptor agonist

A

setmelanotide

57
Q

orlistat (lipase inhibitor) mechanism of action

A

reversibly inhibit gastric and pancreatic lipases, decreae absorption of dietary fats by 30%

58
Q

orlistat brands

A

Xenical and Alli

59
Q

when to take orlistat (lipase inhibitors)

A

within one hour of eating a fat containing meal

60
Q

orlistat adverse reactions

A

gastrointestinal and decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins (taking vitamins is recommended)

61
Q

what is qsymia generic

A

phentermine and topiramate ER

62
Q

qsymia MOA

A

phentermine = sympathomimetic
topirimate = anticonvulsant

63
Q

max dose of phentermine/topirimate

A

15/92 mg

64
Q

starting dose of pentermine/topirimate

A

3.75/23 mg

65
Q

qysmia is not reccommended for who

A

renal or hepatic impairment

66
Q

qysmia must be distrubuted by certified pharmacies why

A

REMS drug due to teratogenicity

67
Q

contrave generic is what

A

naltrexone and bupropion

68
Q

max daily dose of contrave

A

4 tablets

69
Q

setmelanotide brand

A

imcivree

70
Q

setmelanotide class

A

melanocrtin (MC4) recepter antagonist

71
Q

semelanotide dosage form

A

injection

72
Q
A

Public Health (8 decks)

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