Kays Flashcards
outbreaks of previously unknown diseases or known diseases whose incidence in humans had significantly increased or threatens to increase in the future
emerging infectious disease
diseases that have reappeared after a significant decline in incidence
re-emerging infectious disease
since the 1970s ___ infectious diseases have been discovered or identified
greater than 40
SARS-COV2 stands for
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
first case of covid was identified in
wuhan china december 2019
indiana march 6th 2020
how long does it take for symptoms of covid to appear after exposure?
2-14 days
viral shedding is a problem with
PCR testing, can stay in system for awhile
mean incubation period
5-6 days
stage 1 is
viral response phase
stage 3 is
inflammatory phase
symptoms of viral phase
fever, dry cough, lymphopenia
symptoms pulmonary phase (stage 2)
SOB, abnormal chest imaging
symptoms inflammatory phase
ARDS, SIRS/shock, cardiac failure
elevated inflammatory markers
critical illness is defined as
patients on mechanical oxygen, ECMO, organ dysfunction in sepsis
severe illness is defined as
SpO2 less than 94% including patients with supplemental oxygen
mild to moderate illness is defined as
SpO2 greater than 94% not requiring supplemental oxygen
critically ill hospital patients with COVID 19 recommendation
dexamethasone 6 mg for 10 days
severely ill hospital patients with COVID 19 suggestion
dexamethasone
mild to moderately ill hospital patients with COVID 19 suggestion
no dexamethasone
mild to moderately ill hospital patients with COVID 19 suggests against use of
inhaled corticosteroids
hospitalized COVID 19 patients with markers of systemic inflammation, sugggests
tocilizumab
when tocilizumab is not available ___ can be used
sarilumab
what is tocilizimab
anti IL6
what is remdesivir
was emergency authorized, interferes with viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase, failed initial treatment of ebola virus
what can happen with remdesivir?
AST/ALT increase
mild to moderate COVID patients at high risk for progression to severe disease
remdesivir within 7 days of sx
COVID 19 patients on supplemental oxygen (not mechanical or ECHMO)
remdesivir for 5 days
COVID patients with severe suggest ___ over no antiviral treatment
remdesivr
COVID patients on ECMO or mechanical vent suggests against use of ___
remdesivir
mild to moderate COVID19 patients at risk for progression to severe disease suggests
nirmatrelvir/ritonavir within 5 days of onset
mid to moderate COVID19 patients at risk for progression to severe disease if no other suggestions
molnupiravir
signs and symptoms of monkey pox
rash, fever, malaise
monkey pox treatment
tecovirimat
1 reported case
chylamidia
what disease is more common in women cause they get tested
chylamydia
chlamydia and gonorrhea most common in
age 20-24
what drug has highest percentage of resistance in gonorrea
ciprofloxacin
when did syphilis spike
nov 2021
treatment of chlamydia treatment
doxycycline 100 mg BID x 7 days
alternate regimens to chlamydia treatment
azithromycin 1 g or levofloxacin 500 mg
treatment of gonococcal infection cervix, urethra, rectum
ceftriaxone 500 mg single dose
primary and secondary syphilis among adults
benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million single dose or doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 14 days
latent syphillus treatment
doxycycline 100 mg BID x 14 days
who warned us of antibiotic abuse?
Alexander Fleming 1945
organisms always resistant to given antibiotic
ex b lactams, vanc, cephalosporins
intrinsic resistance
organisms initially susceptible to drug become resistant
ex. fluoroquinolones
acquired resistance
conjugation is
direct contact or mating via sex (most common)
transduction is
genes are transferred between bacteria by bacteriophage (viruses)
transformation is
transfer or uptake of free floating DNA from the environment
example of ESBL
CTX-M-15
example of serine carbapenems
KPC
example of metallo b lactamases
VIM, IMP, NDM
example of cephalosporinases
AmpC
urgent threats in antibiotic resistance
carbapenem resistant
serious threats in antibiotic resistance
ESBL, multidrug resistant pseudomaonas
what is ceftazidime avibactam used for
intra abdominal infections, UTIs, VABP
what is meropenem-vaborbactam used for
complicated UTIs
what is imipenem cilastatin relebactam used for
complicated UTIs, intra abdombinal infections
which drug is the trojan horse
cefiderocol (fetroja)
