Obesity Flashcards
What is the prevalence of obesity in Americans over the age of 18?
One-third
BMI is a calculation of the relative body composition. What information is needed for the calculation?
Height & Weight
What is the difference between subcutaneous and visceral fat?
Subcutaneous fat is located just below the skin. Visceral fat is stored in the abdomen among organs. Ideally, most body fat should be subcutaneous.
What are the differences between brown and white adipocytes?
Brown adipocytes are brown, with small lipid droplets and numerous mitochondria that provide heat. White adipocytes are white, with large lipid droplets and few mitochondria that produce energy.
What hormones are released by adipose tissue?
Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin
An individual is said to be morbidly obese. What are their relative leptin levels?
Relative leptin levels will be high since leptin is proportional to body fat.
What hormone released by adipocytes decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure?
Leptin
An individual has a genetic mutation that resulted in the loss of the DB gene. What is the function of this gene? What diseases is the individual at increased risk for?
The DB gene is the diabetes gene and serves as the receptor for leptin in the hypothalamus. An absent DG gene increases risk of obesity and diabetes.
What is the relationship between adiponectin and body fat?
Adiponectin levels and body fat are inversely related. Lean individuals have more adiponectin and obese individuals have less adiponectin.
What is the function of adiponectin?
Increases energy expenditure and sensitizes tissues to insulin - represses gluconeogenesis in the liver, increases glucose & FFA uptake in muscles, and increases FFA storage in adipocytes.
What hormone released by adipocytes enhances inflammation by increasing LDL production?
Resistin
What is the relationship between Resistin and adipose?
Resistin levels and adipocytes are proportional
What organ releases ghrelin? What is the function of the hormone?
Ghrelin is released by the stomach to stimulate eating
True/False. Individuals have a pre-set point of adipose tissue.
True. While moderate weight gain/loss will not change the setpoint, excessive weight gain will result in a new setpoint.
What is the difference between glucose and fructose with regard to energy?
Glucose and fructose produce the same amounts of energy, however, glucose provides energy as ATP, glycogen, and fat. Fructose can only provide energy as ATP and fat. This means a high fructose diet will result in more fat production.
