Obesity

Question 1

What is the difference in fat cell development in children vs. adults?

Answer 1

• children = hyperplasia and hypertrophy happen
• adults = mostly hypertrophy

this is why childhood obesity is a risk factor for adult obesity

Question 2

The majority of your energy expenditure is due to what?

Answer 2

basal energy expenditure

Question 3

What is the basal energy expenditure primarily determined by?

Answer 3

• fat free mass

- thyroid hormone

Question 4

What is the primary method of indirect calorimetry?

Answer 4

metabolic cart

measures O2 and CO2 levels to extrapolate energy expenditure

Question 5

Ghrelin is secreted from the ______ and ______ appetite.

Answer 5

• secreted from the stomach

- INCREASES appetite

Question 6

Leptin is secreted from the ______ and ______ appetite.

Answer 6

• secreted from the fat cells
• DECREASES appetite

also can increase EE

Question 7

T/F: low carbohydrate diets do not promote superior weight control after 1 year compared to conventional diets.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

What is the glycemic index used for?

Answer 8

to help identify foods that drastically make your blood sugar rise

the lower the number the slower blood sugar rises = GOOD

Question 9

Why is the glycemic load a better indicator than glycemic index?

Answer 9

it is more reflective of typical amounts eaten because it takes into account the serving size

Question 10

What is the problem of high glycemic index foods?

Answer 10

• causes hyperinsulinemia and drastic drop in blood sugar levels

Question 11

Obesity is defined as a BMI of > _____

Answer 11

30

Question 12

The obese population tend to be deficient in these 3 nutrients.

Answer 12

• vitamin C
• iron
• vitamin D

Question 13

A weight loss of ______ % in patients with obesity is significant.

Answer 13

3-10%

Question 14

What is considered the “gold” standard for treating obesity?

Answer 14

a multidisciplinary obesity treatment

*diet, physical activity, behavioral therapy

Question 15

What patients would qualify for bariatric surgery based on their BMI and comorbidities?

Answer 15

• patients with BMI of 35-39.9 with obesity-related disease

- patients with BMI >40.0

Question 16

what will initiate the greatest weight change?

Answer 16

calorie reduction

250-500 calories per day from their diet

Question 17

What are the potential complications for very low calorie diets (<800 kcal/day)?

Answer 17

• dehydration/electrolyte imbalances
• gallstones
• arrhythmia
• weight gain upon completion

Question 18

T/F: It is hard to lose weight with exercise alone.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

What is the goal of exercise per week?

Answer 19

• 150 minutes of mod intense activity

- 2 days of strength training

Question 20

150 minutes of exercise per week reduces all cause mortality by ____%

Answer 20

33%

Question 21

When should you consider pharmacological interventions for weight loss?

Answer 21

• BMI >30

- BMI >27 with comorbidities

Question 22

What is the most effective treatment for long term weight control?

Answer 22

weight loss surgery

Question 23

What macronutrient is emphasized after bariatric surgery?

Answer 23

emphasize protein content (60-80g/day)