CVD Flashcards
What are the 5 modifiable risk factors for hypertension?
- smoking
- alcohol
- diabetes
- obesity
- salt intake
Which of the following has the highest hypertension treatment efficacy?
a. weight control
b. physical activity
c. drug therapy
d. DASH diet
d. DASH diet
* Mediterranean diet is also good*
The DASH diet recognizes the roles of what 3 minerals in controlling blood pressure?
- calcium
- magnesium
- potassium
What are the 4 lifestyle risk factors for CHD?
- cigarette smoking
- obesity (BMI >30)
- physical inactivity
- atherogenic diet
These type of fats are solid at room temp and can be found in fatty meats, and fat containing dairy products.
saturated fat
These type of fats are found in avocados, canola, olive, and almond oil.
unsaturated fat
This type of fatty acids can reduce risk of heart attack by making blood less “sticky”
omega-3 fatty acids
still NOT recommended for CVD
Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in what foods?
- walnuts, flaxseeds, canola oil, fatty fish
What is the EAL recommendation for omega-3 fatty acids?
two 4-ounce servings of fatty fish per week
If you replace your saturated fat with ________ there is no improvement in CHD risk
carbohydrates
need to replace saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat for best outcome
What 2 factors can increase LDL?
- saturated and trans fatty acids
- excess body weight
What 4 factors can decrease LDL?
- polyunsaturated fatty acids
- viscous fiber
- plant stanols/sterols
- weight loss
Very ______ carb diets can cause low HDL cholesterol.
high
What is the primary target of statin therapy?
LDL cholesterol
Eruptive xanthomas and a TG level of >1000 mg/dl is consistent with this diagnosis.
severe hypertriglyceridemia
severe hypertriglyceridemia increases the risk of what condition?
pancreatitis
Fiber intake is ________ associated with CHD.
inversely
more fiber = less CHD
Why does fiber decrease risk of CHD?
decreases enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids and decreases cholesterol absorption
For T1DM, there is the lowest risk of producing autoantibodies if you introduce gluten at how many months?
3-6 months
How is gestational diabetes screened?
24-28 weeks with glucose challance
What is the risk of developing T2DM if a patient has GDM?
3-7x increase risk over 5-10 years
What is the most important influencer of glycemic response after eating?
amount of carbohydrates and available insulin
40-50% is goal
What is considered the first priority for food planning?
CHO counting
If a food has > ____ g of fiber you may deduct this from the total CHO
> 5g
