Liver/Kidney Disease Flashcards
chronic liver disease is defined as lasting longer than ____ months.
6 months
what is the only treatment for alcoholic liver disease?
abstinence from alcohol
In alcoholic hepatitis what is the AST:ALT ratio?
AST:ALT > 2:1
What is the number 1 cause of acute liver failure?
acetaminophen
What is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome?
NAFLD
What is the medical treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?
lactulose
Patients with liver disease are at an increased risk of what?
malnutrition
What are 4 reliable methods of assessment for patients with liver disease?
- tricep skinfold
- hand grip dynamometer
- nitrogen balance study
- subjective global assessment/nutrition focused physical exam
What is the medical nutrition therapy for varices?
- soft diet to prevent rupture
- adequate fiber and fluid to avoid constipation
- stool softeners to prevent straining
What is the medical nutrition therapy for ascites?
- diet restricted in sodium (2 g sodium/day)
- fluid restriction if needed
You only need to restrict protein intake if a patient with liver disease has this secondary complication.
Encephalopathy
What is a predictor of higher mortality in CKD?
underweight status (based on BMI)
What is the energy requirements for CKD 3-5?
25- 35 cal/kg
What change in protein intake is recommended in patients with CKD 3-5 and diabetes to maintain glycemic control?
increase protein intake to 0.6-0.8 g/kg
In patients with CKD 3-5 you DO NOT need to restrict fluid unless:
urine output decreases
In CKD 3-5, potassium should be adjusted based on what?
individualized biochemical profile
Bananas, potato and tomato products are high in this mineral.
potassium
what are the 2 consequences of hyperphosphatemia?
- soft tissue calcification
- secondary hyperparathyroidism
What type of anemia is seen in kidney disease?
normocytic normochromic anemia
What is the combined medical treatment for anemia of kidney disease?
- Epogen and iron supplementation
What dietary changes should you prescribe in lipid disorders?
- mediterranean diet
- increased fruit and veg
In patients with CKD 5 on hemodialysis it is recommended to avoid supplementation of what 4 things?
- vitamin A
- vitamin E
- zinc
- selenium
Why does peritoneal dialysis allow for a less restrictive diet compared to hemodialysis?
in peritoneal the frequency of dialysis is increased (it’s everyday)
overweight status and obesity is a predictor of _____ mortality in hemodialysis.
lower