Liver/Kidney Disease

Question 1

chronic liver disease is defined as lasting longer than ____ months.

Answer 1

6 months

Question 2

what is the only treatment for alcoholic liver disease?

Answer 2

abstinence from alcohol

Question 3

In alcoholic hepatitis what is the AST:ALT ratio?

Answer 3

AST:ALT > 2:1

Question 4

What is the number 1 cause of acute liver failure?

Answer 4

acetaminophen

Question 5

What is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 5

NAFLD

Question 6

What is the medical treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?

Answer 6

lactulose

Question 7

Patients with liver disease are at an increased risk of what?

Answer 7

malnutrition

Question 8

What are 4 reliable methods of assessment for patients with liver disease?

Answer 8

• tricep skinfold
• hand grip dynamometer
• nitrogen balance study
• subjective global assessment/nutrition focused physical exam

Question 9

What is the medical nutrition therapy for varices?

Answer 9

• soft diet to prevent rupture
• adequate fiber and fluid to avoid constipation
• stool softeners to prevent straining

Question 10

What is the medical nutrition therapy for ascites?

Answer 10

• diet restricted in sodium (2 g sodium/day)

- fluid restriction if needed

Question 11

You only need to restrict protein intake if a patient with liver disease has this secondary complication.

Answer 11

Encephalopathy

Question 12

What is a predictor of higher mortality in CKD?

Answer 12

underweight status (based on BMI)

Question 13

What is the energy requirements for CKD 3-5?

Answer 13

25- 35 cal/kg

Question 14

What change in protein intake is recommended in patients with CKD 3-5 and diabetes to maintain glycemic control?

Answer 14

increase protein intake to 0.6-0.8 g/kg

Question 15

In patients with CKD 3-5 you DO NOT need to restrict fluid unless:

Answer 15

urine output decreases

Question 16

In CKD 3-5, potassium should be adjusted based on what?

Answer 16

individualized biochemical profile

Question 17

Bananas, potato and tomato products are high in this mineral.

Answer 17

potassium

Question 18

what are the 2 consequences of hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 18

• soft tissue calcification

- secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 19

What type of anemia is seen in kidney disease?

Answer 19

normocytic normochromic anemia

Question 20

What is the combined medical treatment for anemia of kidney disease?

Answer 20

• Epogen and iron supplementation

Question 21

What dietary changes should you prescribe in lipid disorders?

Answer 21

• mediterranean diet

- increased fruit and veg

Question 22

In patients with CKD 5 on hemodialysis it is recommended to avoid supplementation of what 4 things?

Answer 22

• vitamin A
• vitamin E
• zinc
• selenium

Question 23

Why does peritoneal dialysis allow for a less restrictive diet compared to hemodialysis?

Answer 23

in peritoneal the frequency of dialysis is increased (it’s everyday)

Question 24

overweight status and obesity is a predictor of _____ mortality in hemodialysis.

Answer 24

lower