OB - Socialism

Question 1

socialism views on state

Answer 1

-compared to liberals socialists generally see a much greater role for the state, engineering more equal society and managing the harmful effects of capitalism

Question 2

revolutionary socialism

Answer 2

-the state must be overthrown because it exists to support the ruling class
-dictatorship of the proletariat= worker seize the state apparatus

Question 3

evolutionary socialism

Answer 3

-the inevitability of gradualism, universal suffrage makes peaceful change possible

Question 4

social democracy

Answer 4

-not all industries benefit from public ownership
-state should run services of such high quality that there is no differneve with private

Question 4

the third way

Answer 4

• state should act. as a market state, facilitating growth keeping uk competitive

Question 5

Marx and Engels 1818-83

Answer 5

-father of socialism
-revolutionairy socialist
- communist manifesto 1848 (wrote in eng as it was a liberal country

Question 6

Marx view on human nature

Answer 6

• hn had been contaminated by capitalism, which encouraged greed and selfishness
  -capitalism had instilled a false consciousness in mankind

Question 7

Marx view on economy

Answer 7

• create a new non-capitalist economic system that would revive coopartive
  -rejected liberal view that capitalism promotes prosperity

Question 8

Marx view on society

Answer 8

• capitalism created two conflicted economic classes, bourgeoisie and proletariat
  -exploitation of the proletariat
  -capitalist societies would eventually be overthrown ‘historically inevitable

Question 9

Marx view on state

Answer 9

• state would always serve the interests of whichever class controlled the economy
  -revolution was not inevitable but essential and a dictator ship of the proletariat would arise eventually withering away

Question 10

beatrice webb 1858-1943

Answer 10

-democratic socialist
-industiralisation
-scramlbe for africa 1890’s
-inevitability of gradualism

Question 11

webb views on socialism

Answer 11

-capitalism was the principle cause of crippling poverty and inequality, corrupting force for humanity
-effective reform needs to be gradual rather than revolutionary

Question 12

Webbs views on state

Answer 12

• poverty and inequality were to be eliminated through vigorous trade unionism and extensive state intervention
  -argued for a welfare state after being on a royal commission

Question 13

Rosa Luxembourg 1871-1919

Answer 13

-democratic + revolutionary socialist
-ww1/2,(opposed ww1) franco Prussian war
-reform or revolution 1900
-only revolution could create real change

Question 14

Luxemburg views on economy

Answer 14

-accpeted marxs argument that capitalism promoted exploitation

Question 15

luxemburg view on society

Answer 15

• revolution arised spontaneously after class consciousness had gradually been brought about

Question 16

Luxembourg view on state

Answer 16

-didnt agree with dictatorship of the proletariat instead a new democracy underpinned by common ownership open debate and elections

Question 17

Anthony Crosland 1918-77

Answer 17

-labour MP
-the future of socialism 1956
-Great Depression ww2 Cold War

Question 18

crosland view on state

Answer 18

-public ownership had gone far enough, never the aim of socialism
-stable government means a welfare state could arise
-should be a mix of public and private ownership
-argued for a new form of state education, comprehensive education which would break down class divisions

Question 19

crosland view on society

Answer 19

-true objective of socialism was equality

Question 20

crosland view on economics

Answer 20

-capitalism can be good eg in a managed capitalist economy
-capitatlism had changed forever due to Keynesian principles

Question 21

Anthony giddens 1938-

Answer 21

-sociologist
-the third way
-ww2 post war consensus
-beyond left and right 1994

Question 22

giddens view on economy

Answer 22

-corrosive effects of capitalism
-capitalism is irreversible
-I don’t care if people get fillthy rich as long as they pay their taxes- Peter mandelson
-capitalism was liberating for individuals

Question 23

giddens view on state

Answer 23

• less intervention in the economy
  -invest heavily In infrastructure eg public services