OB- Parties Flashcards
National level policy making for 1)cons 2)labour 3)libdems
1)conservative party forum- only advisory
2)annual conference was the sovereign policy making body
3) motions debated and passed at conference becomes official national party policy
FUNDING OF PARTIES
-finance is tightly regulated in the UK thanks to the political parties, election and referendums act (2000) + political parties and election act (2009)
- under these acts all political parties must register with the election commission and provide regular returns of their income and expenditure
-strict limits £30,000 per constituency
TYPES OF FUNDING
-membership subscriptions= agreed to be the fairest and most transparent method of funding
-individual donations
-state funding= parties can receive public funds through policy development grants (2mill annually)
conservative leaning papers
-the sun
-daily express
-daily mail
-the times
-daily telegraph
all include low taxation, pictures of monarchy and defence
labour leaning paper
daily mirror
-guardian
-sunday people
all include NHS, welfare, public services
all broadcast news reporting must be balanced and fair, political neutrality is a central principle of the bbc charter
suns role in 1997,2010
suns decision to switch support in 1997 generated around 525,000 extra votes for labour
-555,000 additional votes for conservative in 2010
Facebook ad library report
-libdems total spend on ads= 1.3mil
-labour 7600 ads= 1.2m
-cons 20,000 ads=900k
factors that affect parties and their electoral outcomes
-leadership
-party unity
-electoral system
-relevance and attractiveness of main policies
pressure group methods
-go on strike: can put pressure on those in power and may force them to accept the groups demands EG teachers
-publicity stunts:small groups without the resources to pay for media campaigns may use publicity stunts in order to attract media attention EG just stop oil
-use a celebrity spokes person: groups may attract celebrities in order to raise profit of the group, gain media EG Marcus rashford fsm
reasons for pressure group failure
-the goal contradicts a government policy
-the goals of the group act against popular opinion
motivations for joining a pressure group
-material benefits: join group in order to get something out of it rather than believing in the cause EG national trust free visiting of buildings
-representation: join group if they feel like they are not being represented by the main political parties EG minority interests gay rights
-participation
motivations for joining a pressure group
-material benefits: joining to get something out of it rather than the cause itself EG visiting history buildings national trust
-represenation: joinning a group if they feel they are not being represented by the main political parties EG minority interests gay rights
-personal beliefs
reasons for pressure group success
-large membership EG rspb 500,000 members for its big garden birdwatch
-wealth: allows groups to pay for things that help promote their cause
-celebirty endorsement
factors affecting individual voting
-policies: make decision which set of policies suits them best
-key issues: party campaigns focus on a clear message about one issue they think will win them the election
-leadership: gotta be likeable and engaging media presence
spartial leadership
style of leadership where the pm relies on their own inner circle of advisors rather than the cabinet eg bj and Dominic Cummings as his close advisor
examples of pressure groups
-oxfam
-the aa
-christian ai
-just stop oil
-national trust
info about pressure group
-pressure groups allow greater participation in politics
-example of pluralism= political power Is distributed across society rather than in the hands of the elite
-look to influence the opinions of the general public and people in power
different types of pressure groups 1) casual groups 2)sectional groups
1)campaign on a particular cause or issue eg environment ( easy to join/open membership)
2)campaign for and look after a particular section of society eg trade unions (restricted membership)
1insider pressure group
2)outsider pressure group
1) relationship with those in gov that means they have access to officials and the people who make decisions EG BMA
2)lacks the close relationship with the gov. meaning they have to use different tactics and focus on getting public and media to put pressure on gov
info about 1997 Tony Blair GE
-young charismatic leader opposed to weak boring can’t control his party John major
-landslide election won 418 seats, mosts seats ever won to date
info about 1979 Magret thatcher GE
-44% majority and an overall majority of 43 seats
-winter of discontent
-policies:small state free market privatisation and constrains on the labour movement
