OB- Nationalism

Question 1

Jean Rousseau 1712-78

Answer 1

-romantic nationalist
- radical and french
-work= the social contract 1762

Question 2

rousseau on state

Answer 2

-state can only be legitiamte when based on active participation of its citizens ( direct demoracy)
-people form themselves into units which would be capable of self governacne
- govs should be based on collective will of a comunity

Question 3

rousseau on society

Answer 3

-general will= the collective will of the nation
-concerned with freedom of individual + nation
-civilisation casued corruption eg native indians

Question 4

rousseau on human nature

Answer 4

-humans are rational and desire freedom

Question 5

Johann von Herder 1744-1803

Answer 5

-romantic thinker
-reactionist against the enlightenment
-work= treatise on the origin of langauge 1772

Question 6

Herder on state

Answer 6

–strong opposition to colonialism
-a state can only be based in one nation

Question 7

herder on society

Answer 7

-volkgeist= each country has its own distinctive culture that binds it together, this is based on language
-role of language in society is imporant
-volk (people) have a common experince that binds them together

Question 8

herder on human nautre

Answer 8

-everyone should be proud of their nation
-people are the root of national culture

Question 9

Giuseppe Mazzini 1805-72

Answer 9

-liberal and romantic nationalist
-republicanism
- formed young Italy
-radical
-anti monarchist
- duties of man 1860
-Europe revolutions 1848
- his form of nationalism has become republicanism

Question 10

Mazzini views on state

Answer 10

• republicanism
  -anti monarchy
  -should be democratic rule in form of representative democracy
  -fought against the domination of italian states by the Austrians ( anti imperialist)
• ## “a nation living under hereditary rule was not a free nation”

Question 11

Mazzini views on society

Answer 11

• nationalism in terms of both territory and nationalist spirit
  -did not believe that individual liberty should be allowed to interfere with the aims of nationalism
  -nation first then individual

Question 12

Mazzini on human nature

Answer 12

-every person must be proud of their state (same as herder)
-the love for fatherland is a divine mission

Question 13

Charles Maurras 1868-1952

Answer 13

-right wing nationalism
- work= action francaise 1899 ( pro monarchy, anti semitic, anti democracy)

Question 14

Maurras on state

Answer 14

-pro monarchy/ anti democratic
-supported pro facist Vichy regime ww2
-france lost greatness due to abandonment of heriditary monarchy
-strong authoritarian state

Question 15

maurras on human nature

Answer 15

-rejected individualism as people only think about themselves
-the nation should be the main priority

Question 16

maurras on society

Answer 16

-anti semitic (jews responsible for decline in French fortunes)
-equality had given too much power to the ignorant masses
-democracy + liberalism has negative impact on society

Question 17

Marcus Garvey 1887-1940

Answer 17

-jamaican politican
-primarily concerned with Africa
-scramble for africa ww1
-work= message to the people 1937

Question 18

garvey on state

Answer 18

-against colonial rule (garveyism)
- with black people coming together they would be capable of throwing off colonial rule and creating a united Africa

Question 19

garvey on society

Answer 19

-african people should unite in pride of their African heritage
-universal negro improvement association to combat lack of education that so many africans had

Question 20

garvey on human nature

Answer 20

-african people were one single race who had been scattered by slavery
-all humans are equal and there should not be hostility towards white people