OB Lingo Flashcards
Gravida / Para: Total number of pregnancies.
Gravida / Para: Number of pregnancies carried to viability (20 weeks or more).
For example, a woman who is pregnant for the second time and had one previous birth at full term would be Gravida __ , Para __
Gravida (G): Total number of pregnancies.
Para (P): Number of pregnancies carried to viability (20 weeks or more).
For example, a woman who is pregnant for the second time and had one previous birth at full term would be Gravida 2, Para 1.
(Gravida): The total number of pregnancies, regardless of the outcome.
T (Term births): The number of pregnancies carried to term (37 weeks or more).
P (Preterm births): The number of pregnancies that resulted in preterm births (between 20 and 37 weeks).
A (Abortions): The number of pregnancies that ended in miscarriage or abortion before 20 weeks.
L (Living children): The number of children currently living.
For example, if a woman has been pregnant 3 times, with 1 term birth, 1 preterm birth, 1 miscarriage, and 2 living children, her GTPAL would be
G__ T__ P__ A__ L__
G3 T1 P1 A1 L2.
SAB
Spontaneous abortion, also known as a miscarriage, refers to the natural loss of a pregnancy before the ____ week of gestation.
20th
VTP , VIP, MIP
Mean….
Voluntary (termination/interruption) of Pregacy.
Abortions
MIP = Dr. Suggested Abortion
Very Preterm: Babies born before ___ weeks of gestation. These babies often require intensive medical care due to underdeveloped organs and systems.
Moderately Preterm: Babies born between ___ weeks of gestation. These infants may still need medical support but are generally less at risk than very preterm babies.
Late Preterm: Babies born between _____ weeks of gestation. Although they are closer to full-term, late preterm babies can still face challenges such as respiratory issues, difficulty feeding, and maintaining body temperature.
Very preterm = <32
Moderate preterm = 32 and 34
Late Preterm = 34 and 36
Early Term: Babies born between ____________ of gestation. While these babies are considered mature, they may still face some issues like respiratory problems or difficulty feeding compared to full-term infants.
Full Term: Babies born between ____________ of gestation. This is the optimal time for birth, as babies born during this period are typically fully developed and ready for life outside the womb.
Late Term: Babies born between ______________ of gestation. These babies are still considered healthy, but there may be an increased risk of complications, such as reduced amniotic fluid or placental insufficiency, as the pregnancy extends beyond the expected duration.
Post Term: Post-term pregnancy occurs when gestation goes beyond _____
It can increase risks such as:
Low amniotic fluid
Placental insufficiency
Larger baby size
Meconium aspiration
Doctors often recommend inducing labor to prevent complications.
Early Term: 37 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days
Full Term: 39 weeks 0 days and 40 weeks 6 days
Late Term: 41 weeks 0 days and 41 weeks 6 days
Post Term: >42 weeks
EDC & EDD
EDC: Estimated Date of Confinement
EDD: Estimate date of delivery
Aka due date.
Typically calculated as 40 weeks from the first day of her last menstrual period (LMP)
GA
Gestational Age
Age of the pregnancy
typically measured in weeks, starting from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual period (LMP).
It helps track the progress of the pregnancy and estimate important milestones, such as the due date.
Gestational age is commonly used to determine whether a baby is preterm, full-term, or post-term at birth
EBL & QBL
Estimated Blood Loss = Visual estimate
An average EBL for a vaginal delivery is around 500 mL, and for a cesarean section, it’s around 1,000 mL.
Quantitative Blood Loss
Measured by weighing the sheets or using cylinders to measure it
SVD & C/S
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
Delivered through the birth canal without the use of forceps, vacuum extraction, or a cesarean section
Cesarean Section
Incisions made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus.
Performed when a vaginal delivery would pose a risk to the mother or baby, such as in cases of fetal distress, placenta previa, or prolonged labor.
PPH
PPH: Postpartum Hemorrhage.
It refers to excessive bleeding that occurs after childbirth. PPH is defined as blood loss greater than 500 mL following a vaginal delivery or 1,000 mL after a cesarean section.
Primary (early), occurring within the first 24 hours after delivery, or secondary (late), occurring from 24 hours to six weeks postpartum.
Causes:
Uterine atony
Retained placental fragments
Trauma during delivery
Requires prompt medical attention to prevent serious complications.
SROM & AROM
SROM (Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes):
This occurs naturally when the amniotic sac breaks on its own before labor begins or during labor. It is often referred to as the “water breaking.”
AROM (Artificial Rupture of Membranes):
HCP ruptureS the amniotic sac during labor, typically to facilitate or accelerate labor progression.
INC =
Incision
surgical cut made during procedures such as cesarean sections or episiotomies.
LTCS
LTCS:; Lower Transverse Cesarean Section.
Incision horizontally across the lower segment of the uterus
Commonly used:
Lower complications
Less blood loss
Quicker recovery time compared to vertical incisions.
Safer future vaginal births, if desired, as it reduces the risk of uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies
Epis
Epis = episiotomy
Incision made in the perineum (the area between the vaginal opening and the anus) during childbirth.
Purpose of an episiotomy is enlarge vaginal opening to facilitate delivery.
Done forb risk of tearing or when the baby is in distress
LAC…
A tear:
Lacerations can vary in severity and are classified into different degrees:
First-degree laceration: Involves only the vaginal mucosa and perineal skin.
Second-degree laceration: Extends through the vaginal mucosa, perineal skin, and underlying muscle.
Third-degree laceration: Involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal skin, underlying muscle, and anal sphincter.
Fourth-degree laceration: Extends through the vaginal mucosa, perineal skin, underlying muscle, anal sphincter, and into the rectal mucosa.
REEDA
REEDA acronym to assess the healing of perineal lacerations or episiotomy sites after childbirth.
Redness: Check for signs of redness around the incision or laceration site, which could indicate inflammation or infection.
Edema: Assess for swelling in the area, which is common after delivery but should not be excessive.
Ecchymosis: Look for any bruising around the site, which can be a normal finding but may also indicate trauma.
Drainage: Monitor for any discharge from the site, which should typically be minimal. Increased drainage could indicate infection.
Approach: Evaluate the overall condition of the incision or laceration, including its alignment and whether it appears clean and intact.
RhoGAM is an injection of Rh immunoglobulin given to prevent Rh incompatibility in pregnancies.
It is primarily used for ______ mothers who are carrying an ____ baby. Here’s how it works:
Rh-negative mothers
Rh positive babies
RhoGAM is typically administered:
Around 28 weeks of pregnancy.
Within 72 hours after delivery if the baby is confirmed Rh-positive.
After any event where fetal blood could mix with the mother’s blood, such as miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, amniocentesis, or trauma.
VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) and RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) are both…..
blood tests used to screen for syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
GBS
Group B Streptococcus
commonly found in the intestines, rectum, and vagina of healthy adults.
Does not cause illness in adults, it can be dangerous for newborns if transmitted during childbirth.
GBS and Pregnancy: Pregnant women are often screened for GBS between 35 and 37 weeks of pregnancy. If the test is positive mother is given antibiotics before delivery
HSV 1 & 2
Herpes Simplex Virus
1 mainly oral
2 mainly genital
