OB/gyn Flashcards
what are the 2 predominant types of uterine cancer
endometrial adenocarcinoma
Leiyomyosarcomas
What are some risk factors for leiyomyosarcomas
excess estrogen exposure
tamoxifen use
black patients
prior pelvic radiation
What can help reduce risk for Leiyomyosarcomas
OCPs
Smoking
What type of cancer is a leiyomyosarcoma and where does it metastasize to
Rapid growing, aggressive cancer that primarily metastasizes to the lungs
What is the most common symptom seen with the leiyomyosarcoma
abnormal vaginal bleeding
What is the treatment of choice for leiyomyosarcomas
total hysterectomy
What is the most common gynecological malignancy
Endometrial cancer
What is the average age of dx for endometrial cancer
roughly 60y/o
What is the most common endometrial cancer
endometrioid adenocarcinoma
What is Lynch syndrome
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
What do those with endometrial cancer need to be screened for
Lynch syndrome
What is the most common sign of endometrial cancer
Irregular vaginal bleeding
*if postmenopausal -> any vaginal bleeding
What are later signs of endometrial cancer
pelvic pain/pressure
bloating
early satiety
increased abdominal girth
When is endometrial cancer considered s/p PAP smear
Benign endometrial cells in postmenopausal women
Atypical glandular cells
What is the mainstay workup for endometrial cancer
bx
What is the tumor marker associated with endometrial cancer
CA-125
What is the treatment of choice for endometrial cancer
hysterectomy with BSO
What does follow up look like with endometrial cancer
Physical exam every 3 months for the first 2 years
Are most vaginal cancers primary?
no- typically a metastasis from another cancer
What is the most common symptoms of vaginal cancer
AUB
What is a precursor for vulvar cancer
VaIN (vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia)
*associated with HPV
What are some risk factors for vulvar cancer
Lichen sclerosis
HPV
HSV
Chronic immunosuppression
What is the most common type of vulvar cancer
SCC
What is the most common symptom of vulvar cancer
Pruritis
visible lesion
What type of bx is done with vulvar cancer workups
Vulvoscopy (acetic acid staining)
How do you treat vulvar cancer
Wide excision
What is the leading cause of cancer related death in women
ovarian cancer
What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer
nulliparity
HRT/fertility treatment
obesity
diet
What age is ovarian cancer most common
50-60
What are the different histological types of ovarian cancer
epithelial
germ cell
stroll cell
What type of ovarian cancer is most aggressive
Type 2
*involves BRCA 1&2 and P53
Which BRCA gene is more associated with ovarian cancer
BRCA1
How does ovarian cancer typically present
Typically will have a palpable mass but only in late stage
*typically in stage 3 it is diagnosed
What tumor marker is associated with ovarian cancer
CA-125
How do you differentiate between benign and malignant masses in the ovaries
TVUS
What is the treatment of choice for ovarian cancer
surgical removal of mass
