Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Women's Health Clin med > menopause > Flashcards

menopause Flashcards

1
Q

What is Menopause

A

Cessation of menses due to loss of ovarian activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the average age of menopause

A

51

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When are people generally post menopausal

A

12+ months after their final menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is perimenopause

A

4-6 years of cycle changes and other symptoms before total cessation of menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is premature menopause

A

ovarian failure before age 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is early menopause

A

40-50 y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is surgical menopause

A

cessation of menses due to BSO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which patients are at higher risk of going into menopause early

A

Smokers
people with malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors DO NOT impact menopause

A

race
ethnicity
age of menarche
weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes symptoms to occur in perimenopause

A

erratic fluctuations of hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mean age of onset for perimenopause

A

47

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some perimenopause symptoms

A

Vasomotor (night sweats)
Psych (depression)
Cognitive
Sexual (decreased libido)
Other (weight change)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the different types of estrogen

A

Estrone (E1)
Estradiol (E2)
Estriol (E3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common type of estrogen

A

estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main type of estrogen present in a pregnant persons bloodstream and what does it do

A

Estriol

Prepares for childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What symptoms occur due to early estrogen loss

A

Hot flashes
insomnia
irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What physical changes occur with intermediate estrogen loss

A

vaginal atrophy
skin atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What occurs during late estrogen loss

A

coronary heart disease
Osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is luteal insufficiency

A

ovarian follicles become less responsive to FSH leading to a heavier menses

*generally after age 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What causes FSH levels to increase with luteal insufficiency

A

fewer oocytes are available in early follicular phase and a decrease in estradiol causes the FSH increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What causes a heavier menses with luteal insufficiency

A

Corpus lute doesn’t function as well and progesterone secretion diminishes = estrogen becoming dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What occurs when the FSH level increase

A

Follicles mature faster and produce enough estradiol to trigger and LH surge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is anovulation

A

accelerated decline in responsive follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does anovulation cause

A

an increase in cycle length and variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are vasomotor symptoms that occur with menopause
Hot flashes night sweats
26
What is a hot flash
Sudden sensation of heat centered in the face and chest that rapidly becomes generalized *last 2-4 min
27
What causes a hot flash to occur
Skin temp rises because of peripheral vasodilation, followed by a drop in core temperature
28
What things are associated with hot flashes
chills anxiety heart palpitations
29
What is the most common reasons women seek medical care during menopause
Hot flashes
30
What does menopause do to the bodies thermoregulatory zone
causes it to become narrowed and more sensitive to subtle changes in core body temperature *naturally variable at night
31
What can help widen thermoregulatory zone - leading to fewer symptoms
Exogenous estrogen
32
What are some triggers for vasomotor symptoms in menopause
alcohol coffee exercise emotional upset
33
What is atrophic vulvovaginitis
Gradual thinning of genital mucosa
34
What causes the gradual thinning of genital mucosa
loss of vaginal rugae less flexible tissue decreases transudate pH becomes alkaline Change in microbiome increased pathogens to the bladder
35
What is the cause of genitourinary syndrome of menopause
the increase ascension of pathogens to the bladder
36
What are some sexual changes that occur with menopause
decreased lubrication increased UTI/ yeast infections decreased libido
37
What are some treatments that can help with Dyspareunia
Personla lubricants and moisturizers and vaginal estradiol
38
What needs to be checked with genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Vaginal / urethral prolapse bladder emptying possible stones
39
What is the criteria for genitourinary syndrome of menopause
>2 cultures confirmed UTIs in 6 months or >3 in 12 months
40
When does peak bone mass occur
30-35
41
What is the rate of bone loss during menopause
~5% /year for the first 5 years and 1% /year after that
42
Where is the greatest loss of bone during menopause
trabecular
43
What are the cardiovascular effects of estrogen changes during menopause
Increased HDL decreased LDL
44
How does menopause effect cognition
hormonal changes change the environment in the brain and affecting brain cells, glucose levels, and metabolic function
45
What are ways to maintain brain health through menopause
physical activity cognitive activity social contact adequate sleep
46
What is the reason for skin and hair changes with menopause
decreased estrogen and unopposed testosterone -temporal balding -hirsutism (chin/mustache area)
47
What generally causes premature menopause
ovarian dysfunction
48
If someone has ovarian dysfunction, what can be supplemented to delay the onset of menopause
HRT
49
What are some positive changes that occur with menopause
decreased issues with fibroids/ endometriosis end of menstrual migraines no more contraception
50
What are some VMS treatment alternatives when estrogen/progesterone is contraindicated
SSRI/SNRI alpha adrenergic agonist (Clonidine) Gabapentin
51
If someone has prolonged heavy or frequent vaginal bleeding in menopause, what steps do you take to treat
TVUS +/- endometrial sampling
52
What are some risks for heavy/prolonged bleeding perimenopause
Obesity tamoxifen use
53
If someone is symptomatic through menopause, how can you treat them
E/HRT *smallest dose possible for shortest duration of time
54
How can vaginal estrogen be delivered
cream (Estrace / Premarin) Tablet (vagifem/imvexxy) Estring *symptomatic improvement for vaginal and urethral atrophy
55
What is the greatest concern with vaginal bleeding after 1 year of amenorrhea
malignancy endometrial polyps endometrial hyperplasia
56
What is the purpose of vaginal estradiol in postmenopausal women
manage recurrent UTIs
57
How frequent do post menopausal women need to have Pap smears
3-5 years
58
What makes up the connective tissue of the pelvis
uterine sensory ligaments vaginal connective tissue pelvic floor musculature
59
What is the landmark for uterine prolapse
hymenal remnant
60
What is a cystocele
anterior vaginal wall prolapse
61
What is a rectocele
posterior vaginal wall prolapse
62
What are the risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse
obesity chronic constipation operative delivery multiparty chronic cough heavy lifting for work
63
What are obstetrical risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse
episiotoomy tears/extension vacuum extraction forces deliver shoulder dystocia breech extraction
64
How does a pelvic organ prolapse present
pink bulging tissue at vaginal opening can feel heavy and cause a DULL backache **some manually reduce before presenting to clinic
65
How / why do you evaluate a pelvic organ prolapse
need to evaluate what is descending and how far in comparison to hymenal remnants
66
What is POPQ
pelvic organ prolapse quantification system
67
How does the POPQ system work
Hymen is a fixed reference point and there are 6 other defined points with 3 main landmarks
68
What is considered prolapse stage 2
Presenting part is within 1cm north or south go hymenal remnants
69
If the presenting part is >2cm distal to the hymen but 2cm less than total vaginal length, what stage is the prolapse
stage 3
70
What is a stage 4 prolapse
vagina is completely everted
71
How do you treat a prolapse
watchful waiting if not bothersome pelvic floor muscle exercises surgical tissue repair vaginal obliterative procedure in select patients

Women's Health Clin med (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions