OB from TN

Question 1

embryo fetal CRL in the 1st trimester is accurate for (days)

Answer 1

+-5 to 7 days

Question 3

non pregnant uterus vs pregnant uterus weight and volume capacity

Answer 3

nonpregnant: 70g, <=10 ml
pregnant: 1100g, 5L to 20L

Question 4

uteroplacental blood flow in mid trimester and at 36 weeks AOG

Answer 4

450ml/L - midtrimester
500-750 ml/L - 36 weeks AOG

Question 5

mucus plug - copious amounts of mucus rich in – and –produced by endocervical glands –> expelled at the onset of labor (bloody show)

Answer 5

Ig and cytokines

Question 6

characteristic pattern seen when cervical mucus is spread and dried on a glass slide; caused by progesterone causes poor crystallization

Answer 6

Beading

Question 7

as a result of amniotic fluid leakage –> arborization of ice-like crystals

Answer 7

ferning

Question 8

estrogen-induced; endocervical gland hyperplasia and hypersecretory appearance

Answer 8

Arias-Stella reaction

Question 9

corpus luteum functions maximally during the first —– weeks of pregnancy

Answer 9

6-7 weeks

Question 10

functions of Relaxin and where is it produced?

Answer 10

produced by the corpus luteum, the decidua, and the placenta.
aids in remodelling of reproductive tract connective tissue to accomodate labor.
initiates augmented renal hemodynamics –> lowering serum osmolality and increasing arterial compliance.

Question 11

cause of hyperpigmentation in 90% women

Answer 11

may be due to melanocyte-stimulating effects of estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

irregular browinish patches of varying sizes appearing on the face and neck. aka “mask of pregnancy”

Answer 12

chloasma or melasma gravidarum

Question 13

phases of hair cyclic activity

Answer 13

anagen
catagen
telogen

Question 14

by 3rd trimester, maternal basal metabolic rate rises by –% vs non-pregnant state

Answer 14

20%
additional 10% in women with a twin gestation

Question 15

average weight gain during pregnancy

Answer 15

12.5kg or 27.5 lbs

Question 16

total extra water during pregnancy

Answer 16

6.5L ~15lbs = water content of the fetus, placenta, and AF (3.5)
+
expanded maternal blood volume and form uterus and breast growth (3.0)

Question 17

cause of pitting edema at the end of the day

Answer 17

greater venous pressure below the level of the uterus from vena cava occlusion

Question 18

estimated average protein requirement early to late pregnancy

Answer 18

1.22 g/kg/day (early pregnancy) to 1.52 g/kg/d (late pregnancy)

Question 19

triacylglycerols, VLDLs, LDLs, HDLs increased in the – trimester

Answer 19

3rd

Question 19

Leptin importance

Answer 19

secreted by adipose tissue in non-pregnant humans; important for implantation, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis.
leptin deficiency - anovulation and infertility

high levels - preeclampsia, GDM, fetal distress
low levels - fetal-growth restriction

Question 20

Adiponectin

Answer 20

produced in maternal fat, not in the placenta,
inversely correlated with adiposity
insulin sensitizer
reduced in patients with GDM

Question 21

Ghrelin

Answer 21

secreted by the stomach and placenta in response to hunger
has a role in fetal growth and cell proliferation

Question 22

Visfatin

Answer 22

produced within adipose tissue
elevated levels of visfatin and leptin impair uterine contractility