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Diagnostic Sonography Hagen--OB/GYN > OB 49 > Flashcards

OB 49 Flashcards

1
Q

two ways to date a pregnancy

A

conceptual age, gestational age

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2
Q

gestational age is also known as

A

menstrual age

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3
Q

conceptual age is also known as

A

embryologic age

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4
Q

gestational age adds ______ to conceptual age

A

2 weeks

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5
Q

the conceptus 12 days after conception

A

zygote

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6
Q

the conceptus from time of implantation to the end of the 10th week of menstrual age

A

embryo

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7
Q

the conceptus after 10 weeks

A

fetus

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8
Q

trophoblastic cells become what

A

the placenta

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9
Q

glycogen-rich mucosa that nourishes early pregnancy

A

decidua

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10
Q

implantation into uterine decidua is completed within _____ after fertilization

A

12 days

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11
Q

during implantation, enzymes from the trophoblasts “eat into” decidual tissue to create space for trophoblastic cell proliferation. These are blood pools called ____ ?

A

lacunae

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12
Q

lacunae and trophoblastic cells develop into mature _____

A

placental/maternal circulation complex

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13
Q

results in light vaginal bleeding about the same time as expected menstrual period

A

implantation bleeding

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14
Q

within the conceptus, the inner cell mass matures into the _______

A

embryonic disc

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15
Q

yolk sac seen sonographically

A

secondary yolk sac

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16
Q

when does the primary yolk sac pinch off and form the secondary yolk sac?

A

23 days gestation

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17
Q

phase between weeks 4-10

A

embryonic phase

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18
Q

initial heartbeat occurs

A

between 5 1/2 and 6 weekss

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19
Q

during the embryonic phase, the embryo changes from a flat, disk-like configuration to a _______

A

C-shaped structure

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20
Q

by the end of the 10th week, the crown-rump length(CRL) is what?

A

35mm

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21
Q

weeks 11 & 12 are the begining of this phase

A

fetal period

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22
Q

in the fetal period, the fetal head is disproportionately larger than the rest of the fetus by how much

A

one half of the CRL

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23
Q

fetal anatomy is fully developed when?

A

late first trimester

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24
Q

When measuring hCG levels: urine results are positive or negative

A

qualitative

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25
Q

When measure hCG levels: provides specific levels of hCG in blood

A

quantitative

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26
Q

normal gestational sac is expected to be seen when hCG level is _______

A

3000 mIU/ml or greater

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27
Q

normal IUP demonstrates ________ of hCG levels every 2-3 days

A

doubling

28
Q

hCG levels ______ before spontaneous expulsion of nonviable gestations(spontaneous abortion)

A

decrease

29
Q

when do hCG levels plateau and start to decline?

A

at 9-10 weeks

30
Q

for downs syndrome detection– hCG levels ____

A

are increased in the 1st/2nd trimester

31
Q

for downs sydrome detection PAPP-A levels ______

A

decreased levels in the 1st trimester

32
Q

When is the gestational sac sonographically visualized?

A

5th week

33
Q

portion on myometrial/burrowing side of conceptus

A

decidua basalis

34
Q

villi covering developing embryo

A

decidua capsularis

35
Q

interface between decidua basalis and decidua capsularis

A

double decidual sac sign

36
Q

gestational sac grows at rate of ______ in early pregnancy

A

1mm per day

37
Q

visualization of yolk sac predicts viable pregnancy in over ____

A

90%

38
Q

failure to visualize yolk sac when the MSD of the gestational sac is ____ or greater is abnormal

A

12mm

39
Q

normal yolk sac diameter should not exceed

A

6mm

40
Q

embryo should be seen with a MSD of

A

greater than 18mm

41
Q

embryionic heartbeat must be seen when CRL is

A

greater than 4mm

42
Q

fusion of membranes(chorioamniotic fusion) occurs at

A

14-15 weeks. should be complete by 16 weeks

43
Q

spine develops from the

A

ectoderm

44
Q

spine may be visualized as parallel echogenic lines at ____

A

6 weeks

45
Q

by 8 weeks, 3 vesicles seen within fetal brain…

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

46
Q

rhombencephalon divides into two parts ….

A

cephalic and caudal

47
Q

rhombencephalon–cephalic:

A

forms cerebellum and pons

48
Q

rhombencephalon-caudal:

A

forms medulla

49
Q

when the rhombencephalon divides, what forms?

A

cystic rhomboid fossa

50
Q

cystic rhomboid fossa should not be confused with…

A

dandy-walker malformation

51
Q

cystic rhomboid fossa sonagraphically seen….

A

from 8-10 weeks

52
Q

hands and feet are completely formed _____

A

by the end of the 10th week

53
Q

anterior abdominal wall is developed by______ from four ectomesodermal body folds

A

6 weeks gestation

54
Q

midgut loop descends into the fetal abdomen at about the

A

11th week

55
Q

the echogenic mass(midgut loop) is no longer visualized outside of the fetus, but rather inside of it after _____ weeks

A

12 weeks

56
Q

first organ to function within embryo

A

heart

57
Q

when has the heart obtainted its adult configuration

A

by the end of the 8th week

58
Q

embryonic heart rates at 6 weeks

A

90-115

59
Q

embryonic heart rates at 9 weeks

A

140-160

60
Q

MSD formula

A

(L+W+H)/3

61
Q

CRL is the most accurate method for dating through

A

12 weeks

62
Q

small fluid pocket along fetus’ back during 1st trimester

A

nuchal translucency

63
Q

when is NT measured

A

11-14 weeks (11 weeks 0 days- 13 weeks 6days)

64
Q

CRL must be ____ for NT measurement

A

45-84mm

65
Q

NT measurement…fetal head must be in what position

A

neutral position

Diagnostic Sonography Hagen--OB/GYN (6 decks)

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