Chapter 44-46 pathologies/notes Flashcards
Unilateral tumor arising from the ovarian stroma containing fibrous tissue, rarely associated with estrogen production. Found in postmenopausal women. Associated with Meig’s syndrome.
Fibroma
Arise from the broad ligament, usually mesothelial or paramesonephric in origin. More common in 30-40 year olds. Wolfian duct remnant that usually has a simple appearance near the ovary.
Paraovarian cyst
Well-defined, predominantly cystic mass containing homogeneous, low-level echoes. Usually asymptomatic, localized form of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
Endometrioma–chocolate cyst
Cystic structure with septations or papilary projections. Bilateral, large with irregular borders and a loss of capsular definition. Most common type of ovarian cancer.
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Second most common benign tumor of the ovary. Unilateral multilocular cysts with septations, irregular borders with a loss of capsular definition.
Serous cystadenoma
Rare, bilateral, solid malignant germ cell tumor occurring in women less than 30. Appears hyperechoic with areas of hemorrage and necrosis and a speckled pattern of calcifications.
Dysgerminoma
An endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation and infertility. Occurs in late teens through twenties. An imbalance of LH and FSH results in abnormal production of estrogen and androgen. Ovaries are bilaterally enlarged with increased number of follicles. Associated with obesity, hirsutism and amenorrhea.
PCOS
Rare, rapidly growing unilateral yolk sac tumors usually occurring in women 20 years old and younger. Second most common malignant ovarian germ cell tumor.
Endodermal Sinus Tumor
Lined with mesothelial cells and are formed when adhesions trap fluid around ovaries. Results in large adnexal masses. Do not confuse with hydrosalpinx.
Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst
Most common cystic tumor. Benign, unilateral, large cystic structure filled with sticky, gelatin-like material causing increased abdominal girth.
Mucinous Cystadenoma
Enlarged ovaries with numerous large, thin-walled cysts causing pelvic pain and abdominal distention. Resulting from ovulation induction.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Uncommon, rapidly growing, unilateral solid tumors with tiny cysts occurs in girls and young women 10-20 years old. Appears cystic to complex with calcifications.
Immature teratoma
Large, bilateral multiloculated cystic masses with a high association with elevated hCG.
Theca-Lutein cyst
Unilateral rare estrogenic tumor, occurs more commonly after menopause. Feminizing neoplasm that may grow up to 40cm.
Granulosa
Large bilateral masses occurring predominately in menopausal women. Associated with pseudomyxoma peritoneum.
Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma
Large edematous ovary caused by partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle. Most common on the right side with posterior cul-de-sac fluid. Blood may be absent or present the “whirlpool sign”
Ovarian Torsion
Unilateral solid mass with cystic components that is lobulated and well encapsulated. Masculinizing tumor occurring between 25-45 years. Associated with amenorrhea and infertility.
Arrhenoblastoma
Most common ovarian neoplasm. Unilateral with posterior shadowing containing fat, sebaceous material, hair, bone, and teeth.
Dermoid tumor
Most common ovarian cyst in pregnancy, unilateral, usually presents with “ring of fire”
Corpus Luteum Cyst
Typically bilateral solid masses that can arise from the breast, upper GI tract, and other pelvic organs by direct extension or lymphatic spread. May appear to have “moth eaten” pattern.
Metastatic disease
