OAP - Intro to Anatomy & Physiology - Topic 1

Question 1

Define Anatomy.

Answer 1

• It’s the science of body STRUCTURES.

- Tells you what it is (e.g. cornea is transparent)

Question 2

Define Physiology.

Answer 2

• It’s the science of body functions

- Tells you how body parts work (e.g. cornea focuses light rays on the retina)

Question 3

What does gross anatomy mean and give examples of the eye.

Answer 3

• It’s the macroscopic structures, visible to the naked eye.

- Sclera, Iris, Pupil, Lacrimal Caruncle, cilia, etc

Question 4

What is the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

Answer 4

• Function always reflects structure

- What a structure can do, depends on it’s form

Question 5

Give examples of complementarity of structure and function.

Answer 5

• A rugby ball (oval, egg shape) does not roll well

- A football (sphere, symmetrical) rolls very well

Question 6

Define anterior.

Answer 6

Towards the front of body

e.g. The breastbone is anterior to the spine.

Question 7

Define Posterior.

Answer 7

Towards the back of body

e.g. The heart is posterior to the breastbone.

Question 8

Define Lateral.

Answer 8

Away from the midline

e.g. The arms are lateral to the chest.

Question 9

Define Medial.

Answer 9

Towards the midline

e.g. the heart is medial to the arm.

Question 10

Define Superior.

Answer 10

Towards the head

e.g. The head is superior to the abdomen.

Question 11

Define inferior

Answer 11

Away from the head

e.g. the navel is inferior to the chin

Question 12

Define Proximal

Answer 12

Near to the point of origin

e.g. The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

Question 13

Define distal

Answer 13

Away from the point of origin

e.g. The knee is distal to the thigh

Question 14

2 examples of anatomical terminology?

Answer 14

• The heart is superior to the liver

- The liver is inferior to the heart

Question 15

What’s accomadation (briefly)?

Answer 15

It adjusts the lens for near vision, bring objects that are closer to the eye into sharp focus.

Question 16

What are the common features in the Saggital plane for eyes?

Answer 16

• Presence of both eye lashes
• Presence of posterior and anterior segments
• Image of eye normally has lens pointing sideways

Question 17

What are the common features of the Coronal Plane for eyes?

Answer 17

-Only posterior OR anterior segments can be seen

Question 18

What are the common features for the Transverse Plane for eyes?

Answer 18

• Only one of the eyelashes can be seen

- Image of eye normally hasa lens pointing upwards

Question 19

Define intermediate.

Answer 19

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

e.g. The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder.

Question 20

Define superficial (external)

Answer 20

Toward or at the body surface

e.g. The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.

Question 21

Define Deep (internal)

Answer 21

Away from the body surface; more internal

e.g. The lungs are deep to the skin.