OA

Question 1

which part is affected by the OA?

Answer 1

loss of cartilage

Question 2

OA it is an autoimmune system
true or false?

Answer 2

false, non-autoimmune system

Question 3

natural aging of the joint is ?

Answer 3

primary OA type

Question 4

what happens with aging?

Answer 4

• the water content of the cartilage increases
• the protein makeup of cartilage degenerates.

Question 5

• obesity,
• repeated trauma
• surgery to the joint structures
• congenital abnormalities
• gout
• diabetes
  are related to?

Answer 5

secondary type of OA which is caused by another disease

Question 6

Primary OA affects more women after 45 years old

while secondary OA affects more men before 45 years old

true or false?

Answer 6

true

Question 7

how many stages of OA are?

Answer 7

4 stages

Question 8

the 1st stage of OA, cartilage loss is 20%
true or false?

Answer 8

false, 10%

Question 9

joint space narrowing, cartilage begins to break down, and formation of osteophytes are all related to which stage of OA?

Answer 9

2nd

Question 10

what is the 3rd stage of OA?

Answer 10

moderate joint space reduction.
gaps in the cartilage can expand until they reach the bone.

Question 11

large osteophytes and 60% of cartilage loss are seen with stage 4 of OA
true or false?

Answer 11

true

Question 12

OA is
1- acute, has cure
2- doesn’t effect other organs
which one is wrong?

Answer 12

1- acute, has cure
correct: OA is chronic, doesn’t have cure

Question 13

what deformities we can see with OA?

Answer 13

Gen varus
Heberden’s nodes
CMC joint of the thumb with MCP subluxation

Question 14

People with joints that move or fit together incorrectly, such
as bow leg, a dislocated hip, or double-jointedness, are
more likely to?

Answer 14

develop OA

Question 15

what are te symptoms of OA?

Answer 15

pain after repetitive use of a joint
crunching feeling
morning stiffness less than 30 min
swelling or tenderness

Question 16

for early in the disease the joints may ache after exercise

for late in the disease the joints ache even at rest

true or false?

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Bouchard’s node affects?

Answer 17

PIP joints

Question 18

Heberden’s Node affects?

Answer 18

DIP joints

Question 19

skin nodules can be seen in OA
true or false?

Answer 19

false, no skin nodules with OA

Question 20

Hand pain, aching, or stifness and 3 or 4 of the following
features:
* Hard tissue enlargement of 2 or more of 10 selected joints
* Hard tissue enlargement of 2 or more DIP joints
* Fewer than 3 swollen MCP joints
* Deformity of at least 1 of 10 selected joints

are all related to?

Answer 20

classification criteria of the hand OA

Question 21

what is the Classification Criteria for OA of the Hip?

Answer 21

Hip pain plus at least two of the following:
* ESR of less than 20mm per hour
* Femoral or acetabular osteophytes on radiographs
* Joint space narrowing on radiographs

Question 22

what is the Classification Criteria for OA of the Knee?

Answer 22

Knee pain plus osteophytes on radiographs and at least one of
the following:
* Patient age older than 50 years
* Morning stiffness lasting 30 min or less
* Crepitus on motion

Question 23

Heat * Cold * Water * Pressure * Sound * Electrical current
all can be used as?

Answer 23

physical agents of OA

Question 24

give examples of superficial heat agents

Answer 24

1- radiant heat= infrared
2- conductive heat= hot packs and paraffin bath
3- hydrotherapy= whirlpool and Hubbard tank

Question 25

short wave diathermy and ultrasound are?

Answer 25

deep heat agents

Question 26

with the treatment of OA we can?

Answer 26

* Modulate pain * Reduce or eliminate inflammation * Increase rate of healing * Modify muscle tone * Increase connective tissue extensibility

Question 27

what are the contraindication for ice?

Answer 27

* Cold hypertensives * Raynaud’s disease * Regenerating peripheral nerves

Question 28

* Over superficial main branches of nerve * Peroneal nerve * Open wounds * Poor sensation are all?

Answer 28

precautions of cold

Question 29

what are the contra indications of heat?

Answer 29

* Pregnancy * Acute inflammotory conditions * Active Cancer * Active bleeding * Patients with cardiac insufficiency * Extremly old adults and children less than 4 years old * Patients with peripheral vascular disease * Tissues that are devitalized by x-ray theraphy * Already existing fever

Question 30

* Already existing edeme * Patients with sensory loss * Patients who are confused are ?

Answer 30

precautions of heat agents

Question 31

what are the primary, secondary, and tertiary effects of low-level laser therapy??

Answer 31

Primary Effects - Similar to effects of Infrared therapy Secondary Effects - Cell proliferation, protein synthesis, growth factor secretion, neurotransmitter modification Tertiary Effects - System effects; Increase immune response, stimulate bone healing

Question 32

ultrasound has high frequency sounds wave and has nonthermal effect true or false?

Answer 32

false, has thermal effect

Question 33

Therapeutic ultrasound frequency used is?

Answer 33

0.7-3.3 hz

Question 34

maximum energy absorption in soft tissue is 2 to 5 cm. true or false?

Answer 34

true

Question 35

in ultrasound Intensity increases as the waves penetrate deeper. true or false?

Answer 35

false, intensity decreases

Question 36

ultrasound waves are absorbed primarily by?

Answer 36

connective tissue: ligaments, tendons, and fascia (and also by scar tissue)

Question 37

what awe use for pain control?

Answer 37

tens and interferential

Question 38

for iontophoresis we use(Direct Current) true or false?

Answer 38

true

Question 39

NMES is used for?

Answer 39

muscle stimulation