low back pain Flashcards by Afnan Katlo

Pain that occurs posteriorly in the region between ?

the lower rib margin and the proximal thighs

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Acute low back pain
less than 6 weeks

Sub-acute low back pain
between 6 and 12 weeks

Chronic low back pain
12 weeks or more

which one is wrong?

all of them are true

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list the types of lBP

Non-specific low back pain

Sciatic pain

Back pain caused by ageing of the discs in spine

Spinal stenosis

Pregnancy-related low back pain

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disc in spine bulges out of its normal shape and presses on a nerve is called as?

prolapsed disc

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degenerative disc disease is caused by?

ageing of the discs in your spine

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When the space around spinal cord narrows
and putting pressure on spinal cord
is seen as?

spinal stenosis

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what are the causes of LBP?

Muscle strain
Ligament sprain
Poor posture
Age
Disc bulge or herniation

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1-______can be injured with a sudden, forceful movement or prolonged stress

2-Strains occur when a _____ is overworked or weak

fill in the blanks

1- ligaments
2- muscle

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Normal aging causes decreased

bone density, strength and elasticity of muscles and ligaments.

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Disk Bulge or Herniation, This generally responds well to a strengthening and stretching program and always requires surgery

true or false?

false, rarely requires surgery

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what are the other causes for LBP?

Bladder/kidney infection

Endometriosis

Cancer

Ovarian problems

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Muscle StrainorMuscle Spasms

Spinal Disc Injury

Compression fractures egOsteoporosis

Sciatica

Spine Cancer
are?

Sudden Low Back Pain Causes

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Infection of the spine (osteomyelitis, discitis)
Kidney infection or kidney stones
Spondyloarthropathies: egrheumatoid arthritis,psoriatic arthritis.
Female reproductive organs: eg pregnancy complications, ovarian cysts or cancer, endometriosis

are all?

Non-Musculoskeletal Causes of Low Back Pain

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list the Spinal Causes of Low Back Pain

Spesific Spinal Pathologies

Radicular Pathologies
Radicular pain (sciatica)
Radiculopathy
Spinal stenosis

Non-spesific low back pain

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1 Inspection of back and posture (ie. Scoliosis, kyphosis)
2 Range of motion
3 Palpation of the spine (vertebral tenderness sensitive for infection)
4 If high suspicion of malignancy, do a breast/prostate/lymph node exam
5 Peripheral pulses to distinguish from vascular claudication

only first three can be done as an physical examination for LBP
true or false?

false, all of them can be examined as physical examination

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which test we can do for those with sciatica or spinal stenosis symptoms?

straight leg test

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in SLR test, Elevation of less than 60 degrees abnormal and suggests ?

compression or irritation of nerve roots

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Ipsilateral straight leg raises sensitive and specific for herniated disk.
true or false?

false, it is not specific for herniated disk

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when symptoms of sciatica reproduced?

when opposite leg is raised, crossed leg

Crossed straight leg raise is insensitive and highly specific
true or false?

true

L5 and S1 which one is for plantarflexion and the other is dorsiflexion Neurologic examination?

L5 is ankle and great toe dorsiflexion.
s1 is plantar flexion, ankle reflex

numbness medial foot and web space between 1st and 2nd toes

lateral foot/ankle

which Dermatomal sensory loss is for L5 and the other for S1?

L5, numbness medial foot and web space between 1st and 2nd toes

S1, lateral foot/ankle

L4 which motor weakness will effect?

extension of quadriceps

list the screening examination for
L4
L5
S1

L4, squat and rise
L5, heel walking
S1, walking on toes

L4 nerve root has knee jerk reflex S1 nerve root has ankle jerk reflex true or false?

true

for imaging AP and lateral L-spine if no clinical improvement after 6-8 weeks true or false?

false, after 4-6 weeks

how can we treat LBP?

REST ICE NSAIDs EARLY EXERCISE POSITIONING

for rest we should avoid?

prolonged sitting, driving, bending, heavy lifting and twisting

Ice applied to the low back for 15 minutes every 1 – 2 hours is helpful in reducing pain and spasm true or false?

true

aspirin, advil, aleve, ibuprofen or naproxen sodium. are?

Anti-inflammatory medication

forcefully exercises for mobility and stretching (especially the muscles of the legs and back) can help decrease the severity, duration and recurrence of low back pain true or false?

false, gentle exercises

how we can position the pillow during sleeping?

supine- 1-2 pillows under knees prone- if too painful put one or 2 pillows under hips sideling- pillow between ur knees

list some basic exercises for LBP

hamstring stretching, 2-3 times hip flexors stretching single knee to chest, hold for 1 min prone up on elbows , hold 30 sec repeat 2 times pelvic tilt, hold 10 sec repeat 10 times tail wag, repeat 10-15 times cat and camel, repeat 10-15 times lumbar rotation, repeat 10-15 times

how many phases of LBP treatment we have?

4 phases

Back Pain Relief & Protection Restoring Full Function Restoring Normal ROM and Strength. Early Back Exercises Back Exercises - Preventing a Recurrence list the above phases in order

phase one- back pain relief and protection phase 2- restoring normal ROM and strength with early back exercises phase 3- restoring full function phase 4- back exercises preventing reoccurrence

reduce pain and inflammation ice, electrotherapy, acupuncture, de-loading taping techniques, soft tissue massage. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are for treatment of LBP in phase 2 true or false?

false, phase one

restoring normal lumbar spine motion, muscle length and resting tension, muscle strength and endurance, proprioception, balance and gait (walking pattern). The Lumbar/Core Strength and Stability Program are related to which phase?

phase 2- restoring normal ROM and strength

in The Lumbar/Core Strength and Stability Program Flexibility should be done at least _______ times a week, and the strengthening section should be done ______ times a week fill in the blank

5 times a week, 3-4 times a week

what flexibility exercises we can do for LBP?

quadriceps stretch hip flexors stretch adductor stretch hamstring stretch dynamic hamstring stretch sidelying ITB stretch + C stretch for ITB glute stretch prayer , cat and camel

list the easy strengthening exercises

supine hip twist on Swiss ball supine abdominal draw in abdominal draw in with knee to chest abdominal draw in with heel slide abdominal draw in with double knee to chest supine twist prone bridge on elbows sidle lying bridge on elbows press up prone cobra superman quadruped position supine but lift with arms at side supine butt lift with arms crossed supine single leg but lift supine single leg marching abdominal draw in seated on Swiss ball abdominal draw in seated on Swiss ball marching

abdominal draw in with feet on the ball abdominal draw in with feet on the ball - add movement supine dead bugs rolling like a ball prone bridging on elbows with one leg extension side lying bridging with one leg abducted quadruped opposite arm/ leg abdominal crunches on physioball abdominal crunches on physioball with rotation bridging with head in physioball supine bridging on phsioball abdominal draw in seated with leg extension these strengthening exercises are difficult or medium?

medium exercises

prone bridging around the world quadruped half foam rollers side bridging with hip flexion- abduction or extension movement seated Russian twist with medicine ball or seated on physio ball bridging with head on Swiss ball with one leg extension these are which level of exercises?

difficult strengthening exercises

Work Sport or activities of daily living Walking Swimming Pilates Yoga Dancing are achieved with the third level of LBP treatment true or false?

true

Health promotion Mental health Protective procedures Communicable disease control Monitoring and regulation of environmental pollutants which kind of prevention?

primary prevention

what is secondary prevention?

The prevention of recurrences or exacerbations of a disease that already has been diagnosed

Measures aimed at providing appropriate supportive and rehabilitative services to minimize morbidity and maximize quality of life after a long-term disease or injury is present is an?

Tertiary prevention