O18 Cerebral Cortex FINAL EXAM Flashcards
What does “encephalon” mean?
“within the skull”
What are the three primary vesicles in the embryological brain?
- Rhombencephalon - oldest brain/lizard brain
- brainstem: temp, breathing, heart rate, reflex… - Mesencephalon: midbrain; connects body and incoming info to the forebrain (cortex)
- Prosencephalon: the newest part of the brain; the forebrain
- cerebral cortex; where we reason
What are the six lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Frontal lobe: motor & thinking
Parietal lobe: sensory
Occipital lobe: vision
Temporal lobe: hearing
*Limbic lobe: central structures, emotion & memory
Insular lobe: not well-understood; injury results in autistic-like behavior; connective
What is the spinothalamic tract?
Runs up the spine to the thalamus and is a relay station for afferent - incoming - information.
T/F: spinal cord is made up of gray matter and white matter but it is reversed compared to the brain; the gray matter is on the outside in the spinal tract, and the white matter is on the inside.
True
T/F: white matter is afferent.
True! INCOMING!
Why is it important to know that information crosses?
Because if someone had a stroke and they’re showing signs of paralysis or paresis on the right side of the body, then you know the stroke occurred in the left side of the brain, due to the contralateral nature of our bodies.
What is another major incoming pathway, besides the spinothalamic tract?
Posterior column-medial lemniscus
What are gyri?
the convolutions of the brain (the worms - things that stick out)
What are sulci?
the involutions of the brain (depressions, or fissures) - space between the worms
What are fissures?
sulci - depressions of the brain
What sulcus separates the anterior brain from posterior brain?
Fissure of Rolando/Central Sulcus
What sulcus separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe?
Sylvian Fissure
What sulcus separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe?
Parieto-occipital Sulcus
What sulcus separates right hemisphere from left hemisphere?
Saggital Sulcus
