Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Passmed revision > O+G > Flashcards

O+G Flashcards

1
Q

Ix for menorrhagia

A
  • FBC

- TVUS if abnormal anatomy is indicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Initial mx of menorrhagia before TVUS is done?

A

Tranexamic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mx of PROM at 32 weeks?

A

admit for at least 48 hours + steroids + antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Time until effective of progesterone only pill if started NOT on first day of cycle?

A

2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Time until effective of COCP if started NOT on first day of cycle?

A

7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Time until effective of implant/injection if started NOT on first day of cycle?

A

7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lochia - how long is normal?

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mx of endometrial cancer with high risk disease

A

TAH and BSO

post op RADIOTHERAPY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How should a woman who is having elective surgery on COCP be managed?

A

Stop COCP 4 weeks before surgery

Restart COCP 2 weeks after surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1st line Ix in a pt with infertility after 1 year of trying? when should it be done?
What result would worry you?

A

day 21 progesterone - i.e. 7 days before next period

If not ovulating, it will be <30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

High risk factors for pre-eclampsia?

A 
CKD
DM
Chronic HTN
autoimmune disease
antiphospholipid syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Moderate risk factors for pre-eclampsia

A 
positive family Hx
1st pregnancy
>40yo
BMI>30
Multiple pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A woman at moderate/high risk of pre-eclampsia - how do you treat her?

A

75mg aspirin OD from 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 types of breech presentation

A 
Frank = hips flexed, knees extended
Footling = one leg at the bottom
Full = hips and knees flexed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

One major risk with breech presentation

A

Risk of cord prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to counsel a mother with breech baby at 36 weeks?

A 
Offer ECV (check rhesus status)
If still breech - offer elective CS or vaginal delivery
  • mode of delivery has no effect on long term health of the baby
  • CS is associated with reduced risk of death of the baby during labour and reduced difficulty in early life.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long does the implant work as effective contraception? Once inserted, is additional contraception needed?

A

3 years of effective contraception

Additional contraception needed for first 7 days if not inserted before day 5 of cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is asherman’s syndrome?

A

intrauterine adhesions which can occur after dilatation and curettage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 aspects of active management of 3rd stage of labour

A
  1. Oxytocin 10IU
  2. Cord clamping between 1-5 mins after delivery
  3. Controlled cord traction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tx of obstetric cholestasis

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Complications of obstetric cholestasis

A

stillbirth risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who needs a higher dose of folic acid?

A

Either partner has NTD/ /previous pregnancy w NTD/FHx of NTD

Anti epileptics
Coeliac disease
DM
Thalassemia trait
BMI>30
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DEGREES OF VAGINAL TEARS?

A

1st - within vaginal mucosa
2nd - beyond vaginal mucosa
3rd - Extends to external anal sphincter
4th - Through external anal sphincter into rectal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Placental abruption

  • Symptoms? Signs?
  • Mx?
A

Symptoms: constant painful bleeding
Signs: tender hard uterus
Fetal heart distressed/absent

  • Mx: RESUS. Urgent delivery of baby once stable.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Number of antenatal appointments in 1st pregnancy? in subsequent pregnancies?

A 
1st = 10
Subsequent = 7

In subsequent pregnancies, appointments at 25, 31 and 40 weeks appts don’t happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sx of vaginal atrophy

A

PCB + dyspareunia + dryness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Potential problems with IUDs

A

1 in 20 will be removed, usually in the first 3 months
Can make periods heavier/longer/painful
Small increased risk of STI in first 20 days
Risk of uterine perforation - 1 in 500.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If a woman is found to have CIN II at colposcopy, when should screening next be?

A

6 months later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What kinda pregnancy is affected by Twin to twin transfusion syndrome?

A

Monochorionic twin pregnancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Complications in multiple pregnancies?

A

Mother: polyhydramnios, gestational HTN, anaemia, antepartum haemorrhage

Fetus: PTL
Mortality
SGA, malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How does Mx of mother with multiple pregnancy differ from normal ?

A
  • US for monthly checks
  • Weekly antenatal checks after 30 weeks
  • More Fe + folate
  • 2 obstetricians at labour
  • If not born by 38 weeks –> IOL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

RFs for shoulder dystocia

A

Fetal macrosomia
High maternal BMI
GDM
Prolonged labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

2 complications of shoulder dystocia to the mother?

A

Perineal tears

PPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Common complication of fibroids in pregnancy? how is it managed?

A

Red degeneration

V painful, so Mx is rest + analgesia - resolves in a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

RFs for hyperemesis gravidarum?

A 
Multiple pregnancy
1st pregnancy
Hyperthyroidism
Trophoblastic disease
Obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Mx of hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Acute Mx - do they need IV hydration??

- ANTIHISTAMINES (Promethazine = 1st line)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Complications of hyperemesis

A
  • Mallory-Weiss tear
  • Central pontine myelinolysis
  • Acute tubular necrosis
  • Wernicke’s

Foetus: SGA, PTL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Name 4 Abx completely contraindicated in breastfeeding women

A

Ciprofloxacin
Chloramphenicol
Tetracycline
Sulphonamides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which psych drugs can’t be used in breastfeeding women?

A

Lithium

Benzos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Mx of a woman with GBS bacteriuria during pregnancy?

A

IV Abx prophylaxis after the start of labour, then every 4 hours until delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

PTL - what should be given IV?

A

Benzylpencillin for GBS prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

If low lying placenta is found at anomaly scan - what do you do next?

A

Rescan at 34 weeks
If still low at 34 weeks –> rescan every 2 weeks

If still low at 37 weeks offer elective CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Recommended medication for postnatal depression?

A

Paroxetine (fluoxetine half life is too long)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

in pre-eclampsia, at how many weeks gestation can you consider same day delivery?

A

34 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Why avoid eating liver in pregnancy?

A

High vitamin A levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Which medication used in urge incontinence is avoided in older women

A

Oxybutynin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

From what day post partum can a woman get pregnant again?

A

day 21 post-partum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What form of contraception can a woman use after having a child?

A

if <6weeks postpartum: POP

from 6 weeks: POP or COCP

49
Q

5 causes of oligohydramnios

A
  1. IUGR
  2. Premature ROM
  3. Fetal renal probs
  4. Post-term gestation
  5. Pre-eclampsia
50
Q

medical management of missed miscarriage

A
  • Vaginal misoprostol
  • Anti-emetics + analgesia
  • Safety net: go to dr if no bleeding within 24 hours
51
Q

Expectant management of missed miscarriage?

A
  • watch and wait: will bleed for 7-14 days.

- Safety net: fever, discharge,

52
Q

Causes of fetal tachycardia on a CTG

A

maternal pyrexia
Chorioamnioniitis
Hypoxia
Prematurity

53
Q

Causes of fetal bradycardia on a CTG

A

Fetal distress e.g. Asphyxia, placental insufficiency

54
Q

Expectant management of ectopic pregnancy - why is this rarely used? What happens?

A

Rarely used because the patient MUST be asymptomatic

  • Monitor closely for 48 hours - if b-hCG starts to rise OR Sx manifest –> requires intervention
55
Q

USS shows Ectopic pregnancy with a fetal heartbeat. best course of mx?

A

Surgical Mx

56
Q

USS shows Ectopic pregnancy of size 37mm. Best course of Mx?

A

> 35mm –> surgical mx

57
Q

Conservative management of urge incontinence?

A

Bladder retraining - i.e. increasing time intervals between voiding

58
Q

1st line treatment for a fibroid?

59
Q

RFs for placenta praevia

A

Multip
parity
previous CS

60
Q

BNF advise re use of SSRIs in pregnancy?

A

Avoid due to risk of congenital malformations, unless the benefits outweigh the risks.

61
Q

How can SSRIs affect the first trimester

A

congenital heart defects

62
Q

3 Disadvantages of injectable progesterone

A 
Delayed reversal (12m)
Irregular bleeding, weight gain
63
Q

what class is venlafaxine + duloxetine?

64
Q

Menorrhagia without underlying pathology in a woman who doesn’t need ongoing contraception - management?

A

Tranexamic or mefanamic acid

65
Q

Menorrhagia without underlying pathology in a woman who needs ongoing contraception - management? give options 1 2 3

A
  1. IUS
  2. cocp
  3. long acting progestogens
66
Q

Though withdrawal - what is it? why so important?

A

it is a 1st rank sx of schizophrenia

  • believes thought is removed by an external force
67
Q

1st line med for GAD? How do you counsel the patient

A

sertraline
- Gets worse before it gets better - risk of suicidal ideation + self harm

  • WEEKLY review for ONE month
68
Q

Need for contraception after menopause?

A

> 50yo: required for 12 months after LMP

<50yo: required for 24 months after LMP

69
Q

how to detect haemolytic disease of thenewborn on USS?
What Ix can confirm this?
Mx?

A

Detected by oedema + ascites

  • Doppler will detect fetal anaemia + Fetal blood sampling will show anaemia, reticulocytes etc
  • Mx with fetal blood transfusion (w USS guidance) +/- post part phototherapy, early IVIG
70
Q

Management of delivery in woman with pre-eclampsia at 33 weeks gestation + no fetal distress?

A

Defer delivery and give corticosteroids in a specialist unit. Review in 24 hours

71
Q

Mx of a 33 week gestation woman with eclampsia?

A

Deliver - emergency CS

72
Q

Drugs given in PPROm

A
  • 10 days Erythromycin

- Prophylactic steroids

73
Q

1st and 2nd line treatment for endometriosis

A
  • NSAIDs/paracetamol

- COCP/progestogens

74
Q

Medical management of inevitable miscarriage?

What else should be co-administered?

A

Misoprostol + antiemetics + analgesia

75
Q

Medical management of an ectopic?

A

Methotrexate

76
Q

What is adenomyosis? How is it best visualised?

A
  • Endometrial tissue in ovary

- MRI pelvis

77
Q

In PCOS, which hormones are elevated?

A

LH:FSH ratio

Testosterone

78
Q

Sharp pain on one side of abdomen after intercourse/strenuous exercise.
USS shows free fluid in pelvic cavity

A

Ovarian cyst rupture

79
Q

Dx of GDM?

A
  • fasting glucose

- 2hr OGTT

80
Q

Mx of GDM with fasting glucose of 6.5 and a large for dates baby?

A

if fasting is 6-6.9, and there is macrosomia/polyhydramnios –> INSULIN TX

81
Q

Pregnant women who require high dose folic acid?

A
  • prev NTD
  • BMI>30!!!
  • antiepileptic drugs
  • malabsorptive disease
  • DM
  • thalassemia trait
82
Q

2 step mx of chroioamnionitis?

A
  • IV broad spec Abx
  • IOL

(if <34 weeks, give steroids)

83
Q

Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome

A

PID + liver capsule infection “violin strings”

84
Q

Combined test measures…?

A

Nuchal translucency
b-hCG (high in downs)
PAPP-A (low in downs)

85
Q

quadruple test measures…?

A

Nuchal translucency

  • Oestriol (low)
  • AFP (low)
  • b-hCG (high)
  • inhibin A (high)
86
Q

biggest RF for cord prolapse

87
Q

Clue cells

A

Bacterial vaginosis

88
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas

89
Q

Tx of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole (oral)

90
Q

Mx of pregnant woman at booking with previous VTE?

A

LMWH immediately and continue until 6 weeks postpartum

91
Q

Pre-conception Advice to a couple taking methotrexate for RA

A

BOTH stop methotrexate for 3 months before trying

92
Q

Ideal position of woman with cord prolapse

A

Prone + on knees + elbows

93
Q

Ovarian tumour associated with endometrial cancer

A

Granulosa cel tumour

94
Q

Effect of COCP on risk of cervical cancer?

A

Increased risk

95
Q

Which forms of contraception require special consideration if giving to a woman >40yo

A

COCP

Depot

96
Q

3 main criteria (of which you only need 2) for PCOS?

A 
Polycystic ovaries
Irregular periods (long cycles)
Hyperandrogenism
97
Q

Mx of a baby to a mother with +ve HBsAg

A

Vaccinate (3 shots) + IVIG

98
Q

If anti-HBc +ve, what does this mean

A

The patient has been exposed to legit HBV either currently or in the past

99
Q

Routinely screened for infections in booking?

A

HIV
Hep B
Syphilis
Bacteriuria

100
Q

Treatment of vaginal vault prolapse

A

Sacrocolpoplexy

101
Q

How to confirm a miscarriage on TVUS?

A

No fetal heartbeat +

  • Fetal pole >7mm
  • gestational sac >25mm
102
Q

4th degree perineal tear?

A

Rectal mucosa :O

103
Q

cut off beta hCG level for medical management of an ectopic

104
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a complication of what

A

Mucinous cystadenoma

105
Q

2nd line for dysmenorrhea (after NSAIDs)

106
Q

Common breast lump seen in woman who recently stopped breastfeeding, who feels generally well

A

Galactocele

107
Q

a BP which is an absolute contraindication to COCP?

108
Q

RFs for VTE which may indicate antenatal LMWH?

A

previous VTE = this alone is enough!

BMI>30
Smoker
Age >35
Gross varicose veins
Immobility
1st deg relative w unprovoked VTE

preg related: current PET
Parity >3
Multip
IVF

109
Q

Ovarian cancer staging

A

1: confined to one or both ovaries
2: within the pelvis
3: within the abdomen
4: beyond the abdomen

110
Q

Important investigations for secondary amenorrhoea

A

BETA GO PRO AND check EAST THYROID

beta-hcg
gonadotrophin
Prolactin
Androgens
Estradiol
TFTs
111
Q

Tx of vasomotor sx of menopause?

A

SSRI or venlafaxine

112
Q

List the major risk factors for PET

A

Prev HTN/PET in pregnancy
CKD
T1 or T2DM
Antihpospholipid/SLE/autoimmune condition

113
Q

UKMEC4

A
  • Current breast cancer
  • Prev history of VTE/stroke/IHD
  • Uncontrolled hypertension
  • Migraine w aura
  • Smoking >15 and >35yo
114
Q

Contraception in >50yo

  • COndoms ?
  • COCP?
  • Depot?
  • POP?
  • IUS?
A
  • Condoms: stop 1 year after amenorrhoea
  • COCP: recommend stopping at 50yo
  • Depot: stop at 50yo
  • POP and IUS: can continue! stop at 55 years
115
Q

value of Hb which indicates anaemia at booking?

116
Q

abx treatment of trichomonas

A

Oral metronidazole 2g stat

117
Q

Chlamydia - abx treatment? give 2 options

A

Doxy for 7 days

or
Oral azithromycin 1g stat

118
Q

Gonorrhoea - abx treatment?

A

IM Ceftriaxone + azithromycin STAT

Passmed revision (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions