O Chem Flashcards
2 types of covalent bonds
sigma and pi
most electron density in sigma bonds is ..
between the nuclei of the 2 atoms
electron density in pi bonds is located
above and below the internuclear region
pi bonds are composed of
parallel p orbitals
which is stronger - sigma or pi?
sigma, almost always
exception to sigma bond stronger rule
F2
why is F2 exception to sigma bond rule?
small size of atom, leads to nuclei repelling one another
because F2 is composed of pi bonds, it has
a weak bond dissociation energy, less than that of Cl2
Alkane C hybridization
sp3
alkane bond type
sigma bonds
alkene bond type
both sigma and pi
hydrogens use - orbitals to form bonds
s
bond order in double bonds
sigma then pi
bond order in triple bonds
sigma, pi, pi
for e- density to overlap e- must have the
same spin
long bonds are
weaker
single bonds are
composed of 1 sigma bond between the atoms, and are the longest
double bonds are
1 sigma and 1 pi bond
triple bonds are
1 sigma, and 2 pis and are the shortest bonds
greater substitution results in a
stronger bond
HONC 1234 rule
H - 1 bond
O 2 bonds
N 3 bonds
C 4 bonds
hybrid orbitals are orbitals involved in
making bonds between atoms
atoms with 4 e- pairs are
tetrahedral and have sp3 hybridization
atoms with 3 e- pairs are
trigonal planar
