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Human Anatomy 2 > O&A Neck > Flashcards

O&A Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Excessive movement in what direction would cause damage to the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Extension

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2
Q

How do spinal nerves pass through in the cervical spine?

A

The same number nerve goes through the same number vertebrae (C5 nerve goes through C5 vertebrae)

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3
Q

How do the facets of the cervical spine glide in flexion?

A

Anterior superior glide

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4
Q

How do the facets of the cervical spine glide in extension?

A

Posterior inferior glide

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5
Q

How do the facets glide in the cervical spine with lateral flexion?

A

Superior anterior glide contralateral

Inferior posterior glide ipsilateral

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6
Q

How do facets glide in the cervical spine during rotation?

A

Superior anterior glide contralateral

Inferior posterior glide ipsilateral

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7
Q

What does the transverse cervical ligament restrict?

A

Anterior translation (protect vertebral canal)

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8
Q

What do the Alar ligaments restrict bilaterally?

A

Restrict anterior translation

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9
Q

What do the Alar ligaments restrict unilaterally?

A

Contralateral lateral flexion and rotation

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10
Q

How many atlanto-axial joints are there?

A

3
(2 lateral)
(1 median)

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11
Q

How does rotation work in the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Ipsilateral side slides posterior inferior

Contralateral side slides anterior inferior

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12
Q

What are the coupled movements of the upper cervical spine?

A

Opposite (contralateral)

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13
Q

What are the coupled movements of the lower cervical spine?

A

Same (ipsilateral)

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14
Q

What is the purpose of coupled movements?

A

Able to keep the eyes forward during lateral flexion

Able to keep eyes level during rotation

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15
Q

What plane does the atlanto-occipital allow movement in?

A

Sagittal (flexion and extension)

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16
Q

What plane does the atlanto-axial joint allow movement in?

A

Transverse (rotation)

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17
Q

What type of symptoms would there be if the transverse cervical ligament is damaged?

A

Pain

Tingling

Numbness

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18
Q

What are reasons the transverse ligament could be damaged?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Down syndrome

Whiplash

Fracture

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19
Q

Which motion would hurt if you had a damaged transverse ligament?

A

Flexion (anterior translation)

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20
Q

What is the atlantodental interval?

A

Interval between anterior arch of atlas and the dens

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21
Q

What is the typical size of the atlantodental interval?

A

<3mm

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22
Q

What can happen if the atlantodental interval is too big?

A

Suppress the vertebral canal and spinal cord causing neural damage

23
Q

Where is the vertebral canal?

A

Between posterior dens and the posterior arch of atlas (>14 mm is typical)

24
Q

If the dens was fractured across its base what would happen?

A

Increase in anterior and posterior translation of atlas on axis

25
Q

What travels through the foramen transversarium?

A

Vertebral arteries and accompanying veins

26
Q

Why is the anterior tubercle of C6 called the carotid tubercle?

A

The common carotid artery may be compressed here

27
Q

What do the anterior and posterior tubercles allow attachment for?

A

Cervical muscles like levator scapulae and scalenes

28
Q

What type of joint is an interbody joint?

A

Symphysis cartilaginous

29
Q

What articulates with interbody joints?

A

Adjacent vertebral bodies

30
Q

What is the movement of interbody joints?

A

Movement between adjacent vertebrae

31
Q

What ligaments are associated with interbody joints?

A

Anulus fibrosis

Nucleus polposus

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Posterior longitudinal ligament

32
Q

What is the clinical significance of the uncovertebral joints?

A

Frequent sites for bone spurs (neck pain)

33
Q

What type of joint is a zygapophyseal joint?

A

Plane synovial

34
Q

What are articular surfaces of the zygapophyseal joints?

A

Superior and inferior articular facets

35
Q

What type of capsule does the zygapophyseal joint have?

A

Thin

36
Q

What is the innervation of the zygapophyseal joint?

A

Articular branches that arise from the medial branches of the posterior rami of the spinal nerves

37
Q

What type of joint is the Atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Synovial Condyloid

38
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the Atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Superior articular surface of lateral masses of the atlas and the occipital Condyles

39
Q

What type of capsule does the Atlanto-occipital joint have?

A

Thin loose

40
Q

What is the movements of the Atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Sagittal plane (flexion and extension)

41
Q

What do the anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes do?

A

Prevent excessive movement of the Atlanto-occipital joint

42
Q

What type of joint is the lateral atlanto-axial joints?

A

Synovial plane

43
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the lateral atlanto-axial joints?

A

Inferior facets of lateral masses of C2 and superior facets of C2

44
Q

What are the movements of the lateral atlanto-axial joints?

A

All movements but mainly cervical rotation

45
Q

What type of joint is the median atlanto-axial joints?

A

Synovial pivot

46
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the median atlanto-axial joints?

A

Dens of C2 and the anterior arch of the atlas

47
Q

What are the movements of the median atlanto-axial joints

A

All movements but mainly cervical rotation

48
Q

What forms the cruciate ligaments?

A

Transverse ligament of the atlas and the superior and inferior longitudinal bands

49
Q

Transverse ligament of the atlas

A

Restricts anterior translation to protect vertebral canal

50
Q

Where do the superior and inferior longitudinal bands pass from?

A

Transverse ligament of the atlas to the occipital bone superiorly and the body of C2 inferiorly

51
Q

Alar ligaments bilaterally

A

Restrict anterior translation

52
Q

Alar ligaments unilaterally

A

Restricts contralateral lateral flexion and rotation

53
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

Runs from body of C2 through the foramen magnum to attach to the central part of the floor of the cranial cavity

Human Anatomy 2 (20 decks)

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