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Human Anatomy 2 > O&A Neck > Flashcards

O&A Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Excessive movement in what direction would cause damage to the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Extension

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2
Q

How do spinal nerves pass through in the cervical spine?

A

The same number nerve goes through the same number vertebrae (C5 nerve goes through C5 vertebrae)

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3
Q

How do the facets of the cervical spine glide in flexion?

A

Anterior superior glide

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4
Q

How do the facets of the cervical spine glide in extension?

A

Posterior inferior glide

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5
Q

How do the facets glide in the cervical spine with lateral flexion?

A

Superior anterior glide contralateral

Inferior posterior glide ipsilateral

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6
Q

How do facets glide in the cervical spine during rotation?

A

Superior anterior glide contralateral

Inferior posterior glide ipsilateral

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7
Q

What does the transverse cervical ligament restrict?

A

Anterior translation (protect vertebral canal)

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8
Q

What do the Alar ligaments restrict bilaterally?

A

Restrict anterior translation

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9
Q

What do the Alar ligaments restrict unilaterally?

A

Contralateral lateral flexion and rotation

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10
Q

How many atlanto-axial joints are there?

A

3
(2 lateral)
(1 median)

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11
Q

How does rotation work in the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Ipsilateral side slides posterior inferior

Contralateral side slides anterior inferior

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12
Q

What are the coupled movements of the upper cervical spine?

A

Opposite (contralateral)

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13
Q

What are the coupled movements of the lower cervical spine?

A

Same (ipsilateral)

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14
Q

What is the purpose of coupled movements?

A

Able to keep the eyes forward during lateral flexion

Able to keep eyes level during rotation

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15
Q

What plane does the atlanto-occipital allow movement in?

A

Sagittal (flexion and extension)

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16
Q

What plane does the atlanto-axial joint allow movement in?

A

Transverse (rotation)

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17
Q

What type of symptoms would there be if the transverse cervical ligament is damaged?

A

Pain

Tingling

Numbness

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18
Q

What are reasons the transverse ligament could be damaged?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Down syndrome

Whiplash

Fracture

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19
Q

Which motion would hurt if you had a damaged transverse ligament?

A

Flexion (anterior translation)

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20
Q

What is the atlantodental interval?

A

Interval between anterior arch of atlas and the dens

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21
Q

What is the typical size of the atlantodental interval?

A

<3mm

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22
Q

What can happen if the atlantodental interval is too big?

A

Suppress the vertebral canal and spinal cord causing neural damage

23
Q

Where is the vertebral canal?

A

Between posterior dens and the posterior arch of atlas (>14 mm is typical)

24
Q

If the dens was fractured across its base what would happen?

A

Increase in anterior and posterior translation of atlas on axis

25
What travels through the foramen transversarium?
Vertebral arteries and accompanying veins
26
Why is the anterior tubercle of C6 called the carotid tubercle?
The common carotid artery may be compressed here
27
What do the anterior and posterior tubercles allow attachment for?
Cervical muscles like levator scapulae and scalenes
28
What type of joint is an interbody joint?
Symphysis cartilaginous
29
What articulates with interbody joints?
Adjacent vertebral bodies
30
What is the movement of interbody joints?
Movement between adjacent vertebrae
31
What ligaments are associated with interbody joints?
Anulus fibrosis Nucleus polposus Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament
32
What is the clinical significance of the uncovertebral joints?
Frequent sites for bone spurs (neck pain)
33
What type of joint is a zygapophyseal joint?
Plane synovial
34
What are articular surfaces of the zygapophyseal joints?
Superior and inferior articular facets
35
What type of capsule does the zygapophyseal joint have?
Thin
36
What is the innervation of the zygapophyseal joint?
Articular branches that arise from the medial branches of the posterior rami of the spinal nerves
37
What type of joint is the Atlanto-occipital joint?
Synovial Condyloid
38
What are the articulating surfaces of the Atlanto-occipital joint?
Superior articular surface of lateral masses of the atlas and the occipital Condyles
39
What type of capsule does the Atlanto-occipital joint have?
Thin loose
40
What is the movements of the Atlanto-occipital joint?
Sagittal plane (flexion and extension)
41
What do the anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes do?
Prevent excessive movement of the Atlanto-occipital joint
42
What type of joint is the lateral atlanto-axial joints?
Synovial plane
43
What are the articulating surfaces of the lateral atlanto-axial joints?
Inferior facets of lateral masses of C2 and superior facets of C2
44
What are the movements of the lateral atlanto-axial joints?
All movements but mainly cervical rotation
45
What type of joint is the median atlanto-axial joints?
Synovial pivot
46
What are the articulating surfaces of the median atlanto-axial joints?
Dens of C2 and the anterior arch of the atlas
47
What are the movements of the median atlanto-axial joints
All movements but mainly cervical rotation
48
What forms the cruciate ligaments?
Transverse ligament of the atlas and the superior and inferior longitudinal bands
49
Transverse ligament of the atlas
Restricts anterior translation to protect vertebral canal
50
Where do the superior and inferior longitudinal bands pass from?
Transverse ligament of the atlas to the occipital bone superiorly and the body of C2 inferiorly
51
Alar ligaments bilaterally
Restrict anterior translation
52
Alar ligaments unilaterally
Restricts contralateral lateral flexion and rotation
53
Tectorial membrane
Runs from body of C2 through the foramen magnum to attach to the central part of the floor of the cranial cavity

Human Anatomy 2 (20 decks)

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