nutrituent relations Flashcards
forms heterotrphy
herbivory
predation
parasitism
detritivory
chemoautotrophs
orgs that use inorg moles as their energy source.
photoautotrophs
used solar radiation as their energy source with CO2 as their carbon source to make organic moles
what is photosynthetic active radiation
the spectral light range that is usable by phosyn orgs to do phosyn
it is the visible light range between 700 and 400 mn
how is paR distributed in boreal forests
canopy get 79%
middle get 7%
lower veg get 2%
floor gets 2%
what is another common terms for phosyn
carbon fixation
what are the 3 phosyn mech/pathways utilized by diff plants
C3 by plants in cool and moist
C4 by plant in sunny and hot
CAM by hot and airid plants
note tat C4 and CAM are better at water conservation
what are the 3 types of heterotrophs
detritivores
herbivores
carnivores
detrivours
orgs that feed on dead decyaing orgnaic matter
herbivours
orgs that only eat living plants
carnivores
orgs that only eat living animals that ae nutritionally ruch a chem comp similar to themselves
a common trend observed that larger carn prey on larger prey (size slelctive)
what are the 5 elemnents that make up plant biomass
C
H
O
P
N
which life group has the lrgets C:N ratio
plants
they are about 2% N
what is the C:N ratio associated with in orgs
what orgs eat and their reporduction rate and decomp rate
omnivores
orgs that obtain energy from both plants and animals
mixotrpohs
orgs that obtain energy from both phosyn and consumption of Inorg/org compounds
how are plants able to capture more nitrogen
by being carniverous. Consuming ohter pants or animals (that contain N) ascts as an additional source to the NO3 from the soil
optimal foraging theory
an ecological models that is based on natural selection to predict the food an animal will forage. It encompasses location, time of foraging, type of food, and time of consumption.
in many cases, this theory will adopt the most efficient route of energy consumption.
what is behavior
the way in org will interact with other or its environ
how is behavior governed
via natural and sexual selection and the energetic costs associated with particular actions
what is the coefficient of Relationship
cost/benefit
works to describe whether an action or behavior is advantageous or to. it is ad only when the benefit outweighs the cost (when nat selection favours the behaviour)
what is animal communication
the transfer of information from one indiv to another. this can impact the behaviour and fitness of one or both indiv
what is a signal
the specially evolved message that a send will announce to obtain a specific response from a receiver
what are he three categories of the cost-benefit framework of communication
Honest signaling
Eavesdropping
deceitful signaling
what is honesting signaling
a coopverative interaction. both indiv benifit from a signal.
threat displays
the push up signal by lizards (physical conditions are accurately displayed for females to at upon)
eavesdropping
the sender is portraying an intentional signal for a particular receiver yet another receiver will benefit from
the intersection of a signal by an alternate receiver. the sender does not benefit but the receiver does
snakes waiting to catch frogs by listening for their courtship calls
deceitful signaling
the sender will portray a signal to only benefit themselves often at the expense of the receiver
send is manipulating the receiver
multimodal signaling
when animals will display more than one signal at once to signal the same or different indiv
in many cases, additional signals are used to reinforce the primary signal (especially during mating)
multiple messaging hypoth
diff signalling modalities will convey diff messages
redundant signalling hypoth
diff modalities will independantly convey the same information. commonly the provide insurance that the of message is displayed even if there are errors or background noise impacting the initial signal.
net benefit hypothesis
a sensory mechanism that may result in fitness losses for some individuals under certain circumstances, but it does not erase the fitness gain that receivers derive on average when engaging with a send in a particular manner
overall some indiv will die from responding to a signal, but the overall fitness is maintained by the greater population
