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F And N > Nutritional Needs Of Different Group > Flashcards

Nutritional Needs Of Different Group Flashcards

1
Q

What is a food allergy?

A

The body Having an allergic reaction to a food or an ingredient in a food.

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2
Q

What is an allergen?

A

The substance in the food that causes the reaction

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3
Q

What does the body produce to counteract an allergic reaction?

A

Histamine

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4
Q

What is an anaphylactic shock?

A

A very sudden, very serious reaction that causes swelling in throat, which then can lead to death

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5
Q

What is lactose intolerance?

A

The inability to digest the sugar in milk (lactose) due to a shortage of the enzyme lactase.

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6
Q

Health implications for people with lactose intolerance (what this must they make sure alternatives have)

A

Alternative sources must include;
Calcium
Vit B2 & B12
Phosphorous
Vit D
Magnésium

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7
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

An autoimmune response to gluten (found in wheat, barley and rye). When gluten is eaten the villi in the small intestine is damaged reducing its surface area for nutrient absorption.

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8
Q

How would you make a product suitable for coeliacs?

A

Use gluten free alternatives
Eat foods naturally gluten free
Check label for hidden gluten

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9
Q

What are the 8 tips to a healthy balanced diet?

A
  1. Base your meals on starchy foods
  2. Eat lots of fruit and vegetables
  3. Eat more fish
  4. Cut down on saturated fats and sugar
  5. Eat less salt
  6. Get active and try to be a healthy weight
  7. Don’t get thirsty
  8. Don’t skip breakfast
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10
Q

How can you stay heathy when buying food?

A
  • read and understand food labels
  • look at traffic lights
  • have a list to avoid impulse buys
  • don’t shop when you are hungry
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11
Q

How can you stay healthy when preparing food?

A
  • reduce fat/sugar/salt
  • use alternative flavouring like herbs
  • use low fat spreads
  • add extra fruit and vegetables
  • wholemeal carbs
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12
Q

How can you stay healthy when cooking food?

A
  • change cooking method (dry fry, grill, bake, roast)
  • disguise ingredients
  • don’t add extra oil
  • don’t add extra salt
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13
Q

What do babies eat for the first 6 months?

A

Breastfed without addition of food

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14
Q

What does the baby have after the first 6 months?

A

For up to 2 years old
- breastfed with the addition on food

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15
Q

What is weaning?

A

Weaning is the process of introducing to solid foods after just having ben on milk.
(Usually done after 6 moths)

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16
Q

How many stages of there in the weaning process?

A

Three stages
- introducing foods
- more textures
- eating family food

17
Q

How many calories should a 1-3 year old be eating?

A

1000-12000 calories

18
Q

What nutrient do babies mostly need?

A

Calcium - for strong bones and teeth
Protein- repair cells and form new cells

19
Q

What foods should babies avoid?

A

Salt, sugar, honey, whole nuts

20
Q

Approximately how many calories should a girl and boy have (adolescents)?

A

Gird- 2,400 kcals
Boy- 2,900 kcals

21
Q

What nutrients are needed more for teenagers?

A

Increased- calcium, vitamin D
Girls also require more iron due to menstruation.

22
Q

What should the diet of an adolescent look like?

A

High in fruit and veg- to provide vitamins and minerals
Complex carbohydrates - for slow release of energy
Protein foods- for growth and repaire of cells
Milk/dairy - strong bones and teeth

23
Q

What are the amount of calories for a man and a woman (adults)?

A

Men- 2500 kcals
Women - 2,000 kcals
(Less than teenagers as they aren’t growing)

24
Q

What effects an adults recommended calorie intake?

A

Their jobs / pal
If they have office jobs it would be lower
If they have active jobs it would be higher

25
Q

What should the diet of an adult look like?

A

They should follow the eat well guide

26
Q

What foods should pregnant/ lactating people avoid? (And why)

A
  • foods containing unpasteurised milk (listeria bacteria)
    -raw or uncooked meats (toxoplasmosis risk)
  • all types of liver pate (too much vitamin A)
  • caffeine
  • alcohol
  • swordfish/ shark (high levels of mercury)
27
Q

What vitamins are needed for pregnant/ lactating people?

A

Calcium & vit D- baby’s bone and tooth development
Folic acid- to reduce risk of spina bifida in baby
Iron- develop baby’s blood supply

28
Q

How many calories should a pregnant/ lactating person consume?

A

Around 2,000 same as an average adult

29
Q

What is the calorie intake of elderly people ?

A

Male- 2,000 kcals
Females- 1,800 kcals
(As they are less active)

30
Q

What vitamins are needed by elderly people?

A

Vitamin B12- central nervous system
Potassium- managing and combating high blood pressure
Fibre- helps digestion and reduce threat of type 2 diabetes and heart disease
Calcium and vitamin D- for strong teeth and bones (help prevent and reduce impact of osteoporosis and osteomalacia)

31
Q

what foods should not be eaten by elderly people?

A
  • not eat very fatty foods
  • very salty foods
32
Q

What problems are faced by the elderly?

A

Dementia - could lead to forgetting that you have or have not eaten
Teeth issues- result in not being able to eat certain foods
Weaker - find it harder to prepare foods

33
Q

What vitamins and minerals should be consumed by a coeliac?

A

Iron- to prevent anaemia
Vitamin D , zinc, vit B12

34
Q

How many mg of iron do teenage girls need?

A

14mg

35
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

An autoimmune condition where blood glucose are too high as the pancreas cannot produce insulin

36
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Is a condition where the amount of glucose in the blood is too high because the pancreas does not produce enough/ or insulin isn’t working

37
Q

What are the diet management for a person with diabetes?

A
  • follow eat well guide
  • eat more wholegrain
  • less refined carbs and sugar sweetened drinks
  • replace saturated fat with unsat fats
  • read food labels for hidden sugars
  • replace sugar with naturally sweet foods
    -have regular meals

F And N (8 decks)

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