Food Choice/ Sensory Analysis/ Provenance Flashcards
What conditions should be controlled when setting up a taste panel?
- quiet area
- identical plates
- correct temperatures
- clean utensils
- unbiased codes
- palate cleanses available
What are the three main types of sensory tests?
Preference test
Discrimination test
Profiling tests
What is a preference test? + examples
Asking if testes like or dislike a product
(Hedonic scale, ranking, rating)
What is a discrimination test? + examples
Asks testers to describe a particular attribute of a product
(Paired comparison test)
What is a profiling test? + examples
Asks testes to assess a range of sensory characteristics on a particular product
(Star profile)
What factors influence food choice?
(List 10)
Availability
Season
Time
Lifestyle
Dietary needs
Likes/dislikes
Appearance
Religion
Marketing
Food labelling
Suggest 8 ways to produce healthy meals on limited budgets
- Grow your own
- Bulk buy
- Cheaper supermarkets
- Look for reduced foods
- Buy one get one free
- Wonky veg boxes
- Cost comparisons
- Own brands
What does food cultures include?
What is acceptable to eat?
What is considered good/ bad for you?
What is the acceptable way to eat?
How do you eat?
What is the religious dietary practises of Buddhists?
Most are vegetarians
What are the religious dietary practises of Christians?
May fast at lent
What are the religious dietary practices of Hinduism?
They do not eat cows (sacred animals)
Vegetarianism is encouraged.
Dairy enhances purity
what are the religion dietary practices of Sikhs?
(Similar to Hindus.)
Many are vegetarian
Eat at the temple on certain days
Do not drink alcohol, tea, coffee.
what are the religious dietary practises of islam (Muslims)?
Meat and poultry must be Halal (alive, clean cut throat, blood drained)
Unlawful Haram food- pork, gelatine, alcohol, caffeine
Fast during day during ramadan
What are the religious dietary practises of Judaism?
Meat must be kosher (clean, specifically slaughtered, soaked and treated with kosher salt)
Only eat fish with scales and fins
Animals have to chew the cud and cloven hooves
Meat and dairy not prepared or eaten together
what are the religious dietary practises of Rastafarian?
Food should be natural and clean,
No pork/ fish longer that 30cm
Eat lots of fruit and vegetables
No alcohol, milk, coffee
What are the ways to advertise and promote foods products?
Adverts
Celebrity endorsements
Competitions
Shop displays
Attractive packaging
Free gifts
Free samples/ tasting
BOGOF
TV chefs
What must adverts be?
Legal, decent, honest, truthful
Regulation 5 requires food to carry what information?
- Name of food
- List of ingredients + Quantity of certain ingredients
- Durability indication (use by date)
- Origin/ provenance of food
- Instruction on how to use (cooking instructions)
What does best before date say?
When the quality of the food is decrease but still safe to eat
What does use by date say?
(Used for high risk foods) shows when the food becomes unsafe to eat
What does the display unit show?
This is for stock control (shop staff)
What does a pescatarian eat/ not?
EAT- fish, eggs, dairy
NOT- land animals
what does a Lacto-ovo vegetarian eat/not?
EAT- eggs, dairy
NOT- land animal, fish
What does a Lacto vegetarian eat?
EAT- dairy
NOT- land animals, fish ,eggs
What does the ovo vegetarian eat/not?
EAT- eggs
NOT- land animals, fish, dairy
What does a vegan eat/ not?
NOT- land animal, fish, eggs, dairy
What is food provenance?
Where the food has come from (Grown, raised, reared)
What are the two quality logos?
Protected geographical indicator (PGI)
Traditional Specialty guaranteed (TSG)
Where must local produces come from?
Somewhere within 30 miles
What is carbon footprint?
The amount of CO2 produced in the growing, processing, disposal of food
What is the eco footprint?
Another measure of our actions on the environment
What are food miles?
The distance a food produce travels from where it’s produced or grow on to where it’s sold
How can a consumer reduce the carbon footprint of a food?
By fresh local produce
Cook fresh meals
Use seasonal UK ingredients
Reduce consumption of meats
Consider lower energy cooking methods
To be more sustainable what should a consumer consider?
Where the food is from?
The environmental impacts of the produce?
Damage to eco-systems?
How was it produced?
Is the food sustainable?
What is food security?
When all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preference for an active and healthy life.
What is food security linked to?
AVAILABILITY- is there a sufficient amount of food at all times
ACCESS- can it be reached effectively
UTILISATION- is the food part of a balanced diet
What struggles can create food insecurity?
War
Droughts
Floods
Failed harvests
What is utilisation?
How the body uses the nutrients provided and if you have a healthy balanced diet
What is malnourishment?
An unbalanced diet when your health begins to suffer as a result
What is fairtrade?
A system that ensures that standards are met throughout the whole production of food
What are the benefits of fairtrade?
Fairer prices (improves living standards)
Protects basic rights (bands child labour)
Prevents poverty
How do local communities benefit from fairtrade?
Money invested into education and health
Access to training
Establishes cooperatives
How does the environment benefit from fairtrade?
Uses environment friendly farming methods
More sustainable
What is organic food
Food that is reduced using environmentally and animal friendly farming methods on organic farms
What must organic farm animals have/ not?
Have access to fields
Have plenty of space
Not genetically modified organisms
Only given drugs to treat illnesses
Cannot be given hormones
Not produced from cloned animals
Why does organic cost more?
Takes longer to grow
Certification costs
Resources/facilities need to be organic
Smaller scale so less product produced
Why is food wasted?
The portions given are too big
Ordered too much
Fussy eater
Had something you didn’t like
Normally leave something
Don’t like the taste
Give 8 way to reduce food waste
Plan meals to avoid over purchasing
Check use by dates when chasing
Store correctly
Serve smaller portions
Freeze leftovers
Don’t be a perfectionist
Don’t impulse buy
What are the advantages of Genetic modification (GM)?
Improves quality + quantity produced
Plants can grow in adverse conditions
Can be insect resistant
May be higher in nutritional qualities
Longer shelf life
Enhanced flavours
What are the disadvantage of Genetic modification?
Long-term safety unknown
Environmental concerns
Possible cause of cancer
Antibiotic resistant
Reduces other plants species use
What are 5 types of cereals?
Wheat
Barley
Oats
Oilseed rape
Rice
What are seasonal foods?
Foods harvested at the time of year when the harvest is at peak
What is the definition of globalisation?
How the world is interconnected allowing us to have different products and ingredients
What are the benifits of eating seasonal foods?
Cheaper
Supports local economy
Reduces energy needed
Fresher foods
What is hydroponics farming?
A farming system without soil. Plants grown in a water-rich nutrient solution
How are pigs farmed intensively?
Sow has piglets until 28 days old
5 day rest
Then impregnated again
6 of these cycles in her lifetime
Piglets killed after 6 month
Always indoors
How are pigs farmed free-range?
Higher welfare system
Less pigs in a unit of space
Outdoors
How are cows produced?
Fed grass, hay, silage
In fields or barns
What is veal?
Meat from baby calf’s (less than 20 weeks)
What are the different types of sheep meat and the time that it takes?
LAMB- 4 to 12 months old
HOGGETT- 1 to 2 years old
MUTTON- over 2 years old
How are chicken farmed intensively?
Indoors
17/18 birds per m2
33-38 days before killed
How are chickens farmed free-range?
Can go outside
12/13 birds per m2
56 days before killed
How are chickens farmed organically?
10 birds per m2
Fed organic food
81 days before killed
What can we do about intensive farming?
Reduce red and processed meat consumption
Use small amounts of flavoursome meat
Buy local/ British meat produced to high animals welfare standards
Purchase from a recognised assurance scheme
What does RSPCA assured mean?
Improved animal welfare
Standard for species, handling, rearing, slaughter
Not necessarily free range though
What does the red tractor mean?
Requirements for food safety, environmental protection, animal welfare
Animal don’t have to be outdoors
What are types of fresh water fish?
Fresh water salmon
Trout
eels
Whar are types of sea water (pelagic)?
Pelagic- near the sea surface
Herring
Mackerel
Sardine
what are types of sea water fish (demersal)?
Demersal- near the sea bed
Cod
Haddock
Plaice
Sole
What are types of shellfish?
Clamas
Muscles
Prawns
What are the needs for oily fish?
More than 5% fat in their flesh
(E.g salmon, trout, mackerel)
What are the needs for white fish?
Less than 5% fat in their flesh
(E.g cod, haddock, plaice)
What is trawling?
Fishing method (most common)
Nets are pulled along the bottom of the sea
What is dredging ?
Fishing method (for shellfish)
Metal cages towed along the sea floor
What is gill netting?
Fishing methods
Netting suspended in the sea that catches fish that swim into it
what is harpooning?
Fishing method
A long metal pole is luged into the fish
what is jigging ?
Fishing method (targets fish)
A grappling hook attached to a line
What is long lining?
Fishing method( at the surface)
Miles of strung wire with baited hooks to attract fish
What is pole and line?
Fishing method (for tuna)
Pole and line
what is purse seining?
Fishing method (collects everything)
Daring a large net around a school of fish
What is traps and pots?
Fishing methods for crabs and lobsters
Wire and wood cages with bait are on the sea floor
What is cyanide? (Fishing)
A fishing method
Where explosives kill or stun fish
What is bycatch?
Species unintentionally caught which are often returned to the sea but may be dead.
What can consumers do to prevent fish exploitation and overfishing?
Demain labelling
Check is hint methodds
Choose local products
Consume seasonal fish
What are some methods to reduce the environmental impacts of fishing?
Sinking long lines deeper
Releasing bycatch
Using larger holes in nets
Create marine reserves to allow stock to recover
What is fish farming?
Where fish are reared in tanks either indoors or outdoors to ensure the future of fish supplies
What are the three categories of fish farming?
Farming (breeding the eggs through catching fish)
Sea rearing (young fish caught and grown in controlled environments)
Sea ranching (young fish bred in captivity then released into the wild)
What are the advantage of fish farming?
Less transport costs
Higher quality produced
Wild fish stock not reduced
Protected from predators
What are some disadvantages to fish farming?
Expensive to set up and run
Waste can pollute and damage environment
May be more diesels
May be fed pellets made from Lower value fish so reducing other stocks
Water may contain pesticides, antibiotics polluting surroundings
Give some ways that GM is used in food production ?
- GM food- crop or animals
- GM ingredients- food that comes form GM crops
- GM processing aid- GM organism is used to help curdle milk for cheese
- GM ingredient in animal feed
