Nutritional considerations of infants, young children and adolescents Flashcards

1
Q

3 phases of child growth

A

Infant (nutrients)
Child (growth hormone)
Pubertal (sex hormone)

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2
Q

EAR

A

Estimated average requirement, about 1/2 will need more and 1/2 will need less

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3
Q

LRNI

A

Lower reference nutrient intake

sufficient for 3% of population with lowest needs

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4
Q

RNI

A

Reference nutrient intake

Sufficient for 97% population

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5
Q

Do people eat enough protein?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Where do you get vitamin A from?

A

Cheese, eggs, yoghurt

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7
Q

Do people get enough vitamin A?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Do people get enough vit C?

A

Yes (oranges, blackcurrants, potatoes)

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9
Q

Do people get enough vitamin D?

A

No (main source sun, some in oily fish, eggs)

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10
Q

What vitamins should people take? And at what age?

A

Recommended that from 6 months, all children consuming

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11
Q

What supplement should breast feeding mothers take?

A

Vitamin D

-target not met (46%)

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12
Q

Sodium children 4-6 months

A

280mg

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13
Q

Sodium children 7-9 months

A

320mg

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14
Q

Sodium children 10-11 months

A

350mg

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15
Q

Sodium children 12-18 months

A

500mg

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16
Q

Total fat recommendations

A

No more than 35% food energy

17
Q

Sat fatty acids recommendations

A

No more than 11% food energy

18
Q

Trans fatty acids recommendations

A

No more than 1% energy

19
Q

Non-milk extrinsic sugars recommendations

A

No more than 11% food energy

20
Q

Fibre recommendations

A

At least 18g/day

21
Q

Infants not yet walking

A

Encourage from birth
– Floor based & water-based activities in safe environments
– Minimise time spent sedentary for extended periods (except sleeping)

22
Q

Children capable of walking

A

Children capable of walking
– 180 minutes throughout the day
– Minimise time spent sedentary for extended periods (except sleeping)

23
Q

Exercise guidelines 5-18 years

A

≥ 60 minutes/day of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity
• 3 days/week - vigorous intensity activities

24
Q

Breast feeding recommendations

A

At least first 6 months

25
Q

Transition from exclusive milk feeding to family foods

A

Breast milk no longer enough to meet nutritional needs Start at about 6 months of age
Some may need to start earlier but not before 4 months Breast milk should be the main type of milk consumed

26
Q

Full fat/unmodified cows milk

A

Can be used in small amounts in cooking from 6-9 months
Can be gradually introduced as a drink from 12 months
Semi-skimmed milk should not be given before 2 years
Skimmed milk should not be given before 5 years

27
Q

When do you introduce complementary foods?

A

Around 6 months of age

28
Q

Should first foods be gluten free?

A

Yes if

29
Q

Avoid whole nuts and seeds until when

A

5 years

30
Q

Which toothpaste should you use?

A

1000ppm fluoride toothpaste

31
Q

How often should you feed a baby?

-6-8 months

A

2-3 times a day

32
Q

How often should you feed a baby

9-11 months 12-14 months

A

9-11: 3-4 times a day

12-14: 3-4 times a day plus nutritious snacks

33
Q

Which nutrient deficiencies might develop if late weaning

A

Iron and zinc (breast milk cannot provide enough)

34
Q

Why breast feed?

A
• Immunological features
• Anti-infective agents
• Growth factors
• Modulators of intestinal growth
• Reduction in diarrhoea
• Reduction in respiratory infection
• Colonic function
• Reduction in atopic disease
Greater likelihood of higher IQ at 71⁄2 years Lower obesity risk for baby in later life Lower maternal breast cancer risk
35
Q

What should you do for optimum dental health?

A

For optimum dental health children should be introduced to drinking from cups or beakers from about six months of age & tooth brushing should begin as soon as teeth begin to appear