Immunisations Flashcards
Measles, mumps, rubella, polio
Live attenuated organisms
Pertussis, whole cell typhoid
Inactivated enzymes
Influenza, pneumococcal
Diptheria, tetanus - toxoid
Components of organisms
Live attenuated organisms?
Measles, mumps, rubella, polio
Inactivated enzymes
Pertussis, typhoid
Components of organisms
Influenza, pneumococcal
Diptheria, tetanus
Contraindications to vaccinations
Acute illness at the time
Severe local reaction to previous dose
General reaction
Fever > 39.5 0C within 48 hours
Anaphylaxis or collapse Prolonged unresponsiveness
Convulsion or encephalopathy within 72 hours of vaccination
Immunocompromised children
Had live vaccine within 3 weeks?
Give special consideration before giving immunisation
Complications of haemophilus influenza type B?
Meningitis and septicemia
Epiglottitis
Case fatality
Morbidity from meningitis
Which serogroup of meningitis is most serious?
Serogroup B
Aerobic gram positive Corynebacterium diptheriae
Causes diptheria
Travel related immunisation?
Yellow fever Cholera Rabies Hepatitis Typhoid Smallpox
Elimination vs eradication of a disease?
Elimination of disease: Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required. Example: neonatal tetanus.
Eradication: Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts; intervention measures are no longer needed. Example: smallpox.
Extinction: The specific infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory. Example: none.
Approximately 40% of the world’s population is at risk of malaria
More than 300 million acute illnesses and at least one million deaths annually.
Ninety per cent of deaths due to malaria occur in Africa south of the Sahara
Malaria kills an African child every 30 seconds.
Malaria
Treatments for malaria
Vaccines
Artemisinin
