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child health > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

Head control

A

3 months

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2
Q

Sitting balance

A

6 months

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3
Q

Crawling

A

9 months

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4
Q

Standing

A

12 months

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5
Q

Runs

A

18 months

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6
Q

Rides trike

A

24 months

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7
Q

Stairs

A

36 months

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8
Q

Hops

A

48 months

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9
Q

ATNR

A

Asymetric tonic neck reflex

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10
Q

Motor development: primitive reflexes

A 
Sucking and rooting
Palmar and plantar grasp
ATNR
Moro
Stepping and placing
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11
Q

Moro reflex

A

When you pretend to drop the baby and they spaz out

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12
Q

Fine motor and vision

A

Hand regard in midline 3 months
Grasps toy 6 months
Scissor grasp 9 months
Pincer grasp 12 months
Tower of 3 bricks 18 months
Tower of 6-7/ scribble 24 months
Tower of 9 bricks, copies circle 36 months
Draws simple man 48 months

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13
Q

Hand regard in midline

A

3 months

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14
Q

Grasps toy

A

6 months

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15
Q

Scissor grip

A

9 months

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16
Q

Pincer grip

A

12 months

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17
Q

Tower of 3 bricks

A

18 months

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18
Q

Tower of 6-7 bricks/scribble

A

24 months

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19
Q

Tower of 9 bricks, copies circles

A

36 months

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20
Q

Draws simple man

A

48 months

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21
Q

If a baby isn’t walking by _______ months, it should be considered a red flag

A

Baby should definitely be walking by 18 months

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22
Q

Another name for ATNR (assymetric tonic neck reflex)

A

Fencing reflex

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23
Q

Developmental delay

A

Failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for child’s corrected chronological age

24
Q

Retts’s syndrome method of inderitence

A

Rett’s syndrome is X linked

25
Q

Red flags for development

A 
Asymmetry of movement
Not reaching for objects by 6 months
Unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
Unable to walk by 18 months → check CK
No speech by 18 months
Concerns re vision or hearing
Loss of skills
26
Q

CK level in DMD

A

CK would be very high in DMD

27
Q

Medical screening in Down Syndrome

A 
Cardiac
Vision
Hearing
Thyroid function
Sleep related breathing disorders
Growth- charts
Development
28
Q

Common first symptom noticed in Down syndrome

A

Hypotonia

29
Q

Mild learning disability IQ

A

50-70

30
Q

Severe learning disability IQ

A

20-50

31
Q

Profound learning disability

A

<20

32
Q

Manouvre used to help diagnose DMD?

A

Gowers manouvre

33
Q

Conditions associated with Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A 
Mobility problems, spasticity and orthopaedic problems
Learning difficulties
Epilepsy
Visual/Hearing impairment
Communication difficulties
Feeding difficulties
Sleep problems
Behaviour problems
34
Q

Is epilepsy associated with cerebral palsy?

A

Yes, cerebral palsy is associated with epilepsy. It is also associated with learning difficulties, visual/hearing impairment, sleep problems and behaviour problems

35
Q

Conditions often associated with cerebral visual impairment?

A

Cerebral palsy

Hydrocephalus

36
Q

Treacher-collins is associated with what?

A

Hearing impairment

37
Q

Autistic triad

A

Communication
Social interaction
Flexibility of thought/imagination

38
Q

What do people with fragile X look like?

A

Long face

39
Q

First presentation of neurofibromatosis?

A

Cafe au lait spots

40
Q

Investigation of developmental delay

A 
Chromosomes, FRAX & Oligoarray CGH
Neonatal PKU, thyroid studies, CK
If indicated:
  			- MRI brain
  			- EEG
  			- Metabolic studies
  			- Genetic consultation
  			- Others
41
Q

Developmental Assessment

A 
Multidisciplinary Team
Appropriate Assessment Tool 
Eg Griffiths (0-8yrs)
     Bayleys (0-3yrs)
     Schedule of Growing Skills (0-5yrs)
     ADOS (ASD)
42
Q

The 3 phases of child growth

A

Infant (nutrient-led)
Child (growth hormone led)
Pubertal (sex steroid led)

43
Q

Sources of vitamin D

A

Sunlight (but small amounts from oily fish and eggs)

Intake is below the RNI for non-breastfed infants of all age groups

44
Q

Sources of vitamin C

A

Oranges, blackcurrents, potatoes

45
Q

Which vitamin supplements should all children from 6 months consume?

A

Vitamin A, C and D supplements

-Only 5-10% children take these though

46
Q

Which supplements should breastfeeding mothers take?

A 
Vitamin D (10µg per day)
-only 46% mothers take these though
47
Q

Physical activity guidelines for children capable of walking? (under 5s)

A

180 minutes throughout the day

48
Q

Physical activity guidelines

5-18 years

A

> 60 minutes a day of moderate to physical activity

3 days/week - vigorous intensity activities

49
Q

How long should you breastfeed?

A

At least the first 6 months

50
Q

Are infant formula and follow-on formula recommended?

A

Infant formula is recommended (whey based formula for 1st year)
Follow-on formula is not recommended

51
Q

Ful fat unmodified cows milk?

A

Full fat unmodified cows’ milk
Can be used in small amounts in cooking from 6-9 months Can be gradually introduced as a drink from 12 months Semi-skimmed milk should not be given before 2 years Skimmed milk should not be given before 5 years

52
Q

Griffiths scale

A

0-8 years

53
Q

Bayleys scale

A

0-3 years

54
Q

Schedule of growing

A

0-5 years

55
Q

ADOS scale?

A

Used to assess ASD

56
Q

What might be the first symptom of DMD?

A

Many boys present with a delay in development

Speech development may also be delayed

child health (14 decks)

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