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Clinical Nutrition 1 > Nutritional Assessment - Biochemical Data > Flashcards

Nutritional Assessment - Biochemical Data Flashcards

1
Q

BMI

A

Weight (kg) / height (m)^2

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2
Q

1 lb =

A

0.45 kg

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3
Q

I kg =

A

2.2 lbs

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4
Q

1 ft = ? inch

A

12 inches

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5
Q

1 inch = ? cm

A

2.54 cm

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6
Q

% Weight change =

A

(UBW - CBW) / UBW x 100

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7
Q

Significant loss and severe loss for 1 wk

A

1-2%

>2%

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8
Q

Significant loss and severe loss for 1 month

A

5%

>5%

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9
Q

Significant and severe loss of 3 months

A

7.5%

>7.5%

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10
Q

Significant and severe loss of 6 months

A

10%

>10%

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11
Q

Significant and severe loss of >6months (unlimited)

A

10-20%

>20%

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12
Q

% weight change is ____ meaning that is can predict mortality, morbidity and nutritional risks.

A

Clinically relevant

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13
Q

In % weight change, what information about weight loss is crucial to obtain from patient?

A

TIME for weight loss to occur

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14
Q

24-hour UUN mmol/L=

A

(UUNmmol/L) x (24-hour urine volume (L) )

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15
Q

24 hour UUN mmol/L = ? g/L

A

1 mmol UUN = 0.028 g UUN

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16
Q

Nitrogen balance =

A

(protein intake / 6.25) - (UUNg + 4)

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17
Q

A nitrogen balance of -2 means what?

A

We can assume that the balance is sig. negative since NB favours a positive balance. This means that catabolism>anabolism, and we can recommend to increase patients protein intake.

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18
Q

A nitrogen balance of >2 means what?

A

We can assume that this balance is quite positive since NB favours a positive balance. Recall that PNB is not dangerous, and anabolism > catabolism as the patient probably requires the additional protein. We do not change protein intake.

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19
Q

A nitrogen balance between -1 and +2 mean what?

A

Zero/Stable nitrogen balance, where anabolism = catabolism

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20
Q

Half-life of serum albumin

A

17-21 days

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21
Q

Name 2 functions of serum albumin

A
  • Maintain osmotic pressure in vascular walls

- Major transport protein for molecule (Ca, Zn) and medications

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22
Q

When albumin is low, this may be indicative of a decrease in ____ stores

A

visceral protein

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23
Q

When is albumin HIGH? (1)

A

During dehydration, as plasma volume has decreased.

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24
Q

When is albumin LOW? (6) MOPE-IP

A
  • Malnutrition
  • Over-hydration
  • Poor protein intake
  • Elderly
  • Inflammation (decr by 25% APP)
  • Poor synthesis
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25
Q

Mild deficit of albumin (old)

A

3.0-3.5g/dL

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26
Q

Mild deficit of albumin (new)

A

30-35g/L

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27
Q

Conversion factor of albumin (old->new)

A

Multiply OLD by 10 to get new value

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28
Q

Moderate deficit of albumin

A

2.4-2.99 g/dL

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29
Q

Severe deficit of albumin

A

<2.4 g/dL

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30
Q

Normal range of glucose (old)

A

70-110 mg/dL

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31
Q

Normal range of glucose (new)

A

3.9-6.1 mmol/L

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32
Q

Conversion factor of glucose (old->new)

A

Multiply OLD by 0.0551 to get new value

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33
Q

Hemoglobin deficit women

A

<120 g/L

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34
Q

Hemoglobin deficit men

A

<140 g/L

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35
Q

How is hemoglobin measured?

A

Measures total amount of hemoglobin in RBCs and NOT within the full blood

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36
Q

When will hemoglobin decrease? (3)

A
  • PEM
  • Haemorrhage
  • Anemias
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37
Q

Hematocrit deficit men

A

<40%

38
Q

Hematocrit deficit women

A

<37%

39
Q

Hematocrit is the measure of ___

A

%RBC (packed cell volume) in TOTAL blood volume

40
Q

When does hematocrit increase?

A

Increase during dehydration

41
Q

When does hematocrit decrease?

A
  • Haemorrhage
  • Anemias
  • Over-hydration
42
Q

An male is chair or bed bound, they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

A

Sedentary

  1. 2
  2. 0
43
Q

An male does seated work & little movement, they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

A

Sedentary/Low Active

  1. 3-1.5
  2. 0-1.11
44
Q

An male does seated work but is required to move, they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

A

Low Active/Active

  1. 60-1.7
  2. 11-125
45
Q

An male does standing work, they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

A

Active

  1. 8-1.9
  2. 25
46
Q

An male does strenuous work and is highly active they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

A

Very Active

  1. 0-2.4
  2. 48
47
Q

If a male does an additional 30-60 minutes of strenuous leisure exercise 4-5x/week, what would we add to his existing PAL?

A

Add 0.3 to existing PAL

48
Q

PAL 1.0-1.4 PA =

A

1.0

Sedentary

49
Q

PAL 1.4-1.6 PA =

A

1.11

Low Active

50
Q

PAL 1.6-1.9 PA =

A

1.25

Active

51
Q

PAL 1.9-2.5 PA =

A

1.48

Very Active

52
Q

___ have the highest stress factor

A

Burns

1.5-2.1 x REE

53
Q

_____ will have no stress factors

A

Healthy individuals with no acute disease

54
Q

_____ has the lowest stress factor

A

Surgery

1.0-1.1 x REE

55
Q

Fever SF should multiple REE by ___ for every ___ above 37C

A

1.2

1C

56
Q

Half life of transferrin

A

8-10 days

57
Q

Half life of Prealbumin

A

2-3 days

58
Q

Half life of Transthyretin (TTR)

A

2-3 days (same protein as prealbumin)

59
Q

Half life of Retinol-binding protein (RBP)

A

10-12 hours

60
Q

Transferrin is high during

A

Low iron status (IDA, chronic loss, pregnancy)

61
Q

Transferrin is low during

A

Low protein status (poor synthesis)

Acute illness, chronic infection, PEM, systemic disease

62
Q

TTR is high during

A 
Renal diseases (improper filtration by kidney, stays in circulation)
Hodgkins disease (cancer of immune system, enlarged lymph-nodes)
63
Q

TTR is low during

A

Liver disease (decreased synthesis, chronic loss, PEM, malabsorption, hyperthyroidism)

64
Q

RBP is high during

A

Renal diseases

65
Q

RBP is low during

A
  • Severe vitamin A deficiency
  • Zinc deficiency
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Liver disease
66
Q

In someone with a higher muscle mass, meat intake will have increased/decreased creatinine excretion?

A

Increased

67
Q

Someone with an infection, fever, trauma will have increased/decreased creatinine excretion?

A

Increased

68
Q

In someone of older age, or with renal failure their creatinine excretion will be increased/deceased

A

Decreased

69
Q

In increased age, there is a decrease in both ____ causing decreased creatinine excretion.

A

Renal function and muscle mass

70
Q

What is skeletal muscle mass proportional to?

A

Height

71
Q

What is the creatinine height index? (CHI)

A

observed creatinine excretion 24 hours (mg) / expected creatinine excretion 24 hours (mg) x 100

72
Q

Someone has a CHI of 80-90% which indicates …

A

Mild depletion of skeletal muscle

73
Q

CHI of 40-59% ….

A

Moderate depletion of skeletal muscle

74
Q

CHI of <40% ..

A

severe depletion of skeletal muscle

75
Q

Normal creatinine excretion for men

A

23 mg/kg of IBW

76
Q

Normal creatinine excretion for women

A

18 mg/kg of IBW

77
Q

(T/F) When measuring creatinine, subjects must consume a vegetarian (meat-free diet)

A

True, since meat intake can increase creatinine excretion

78
Q

Erythrocytes in iron deficient anemia

A

microcytic

hypochromic

79
Q

Erythrocytes in folate and/or B12 deficient anemia

A

macrocytic

megoblastic

80
Q

Erythrocytes in other micronutrient deficient anemias (Vit C, A)

A

microlytic (lyse and release hemoglobin)

81
Q

Erythrocytes in chronic diseases

A

normocytic
normochromc
Just decreased amount of RBCs

82
Q

Macrocytic RBC

A

> 100 um^3

83
Q

Microcytic RBC

A

<76 um^3

84
Q

How could we measure weight hemoglobin? What is the visible feature?

A

Through mean corpuscular hemoglobin - weight is reflective of colour - whether hypochromic or hyperchromic

85
Q

How could we measure size of RBCs?

A

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

86
Q

hypochromic

A

<21 pg/cell

87
Q

hyperchromic

A

> 38 pg/cell

88
Q

(HCT/RBC) x 10 =

A

MCV (size of RBCs)

89
Q

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

A

measured as a ratio of hemoglobin/hematocrit x 100 (%)in RBCs and NOT full blood

90
Q

RBC count deficient men

A

<4.5 x 10^12 RBC / L

91
Q

RBC count deficient women

A

<4.2 x 10^12 RBC/L

Clinical Nutrition 1 (30 decks)

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