Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Food Technology > Nutritional and dietary needs of different groups of people. > Flashcards

Nutritional and dietary needs of different groups of people. Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Gourmet Food flashcards
1
Q

For babies, what should be considered when giving them meals?

A
  • Small, soft and nutrient dense portion sizes as they have small stomachs.
  • Frequent meals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

For toddlers and pre-school children, how many portions of food do they need in starchy foods, fruit & veg, dairy foods and protein?

A

Starchy foods (complex carbs) - 5
Fruit and veg - 5
Dairy - 3
Protein - 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 2 nutrients do milk provide babies?

A

Calcium and vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which 5 nutrients do children need in good amounts?

A

Protein, fat, carbs, vitamin A, calcium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do children need proteins and what is an example of protein that kids could be fed?

A
  • Help for growth and repair

- E.g. boiled egg or fish fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why do children need carbs and fat and what is an example of carbs they could be fed?

A
  • Starchy carbs and fat provide energy for growth and physical activity.
  • e.g. Carbs - mashed potato
  • e.g. fat - peanuts, avocado
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do children need calcium and vitamin D and what is an example of carbs they could be fed?

A
  • Health bone and teeth development.
    e. g. calcium - yoghurt tubes, milk and cheese
    e. g. vitamin D - tuna and salmon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which 5 nutrients do teens need in good amounts?

A

Protein, calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do teens need protein and what are example foods?

A
  • To cope with growth spurts.
  • Boys need more protein as muscular tissue develops.
    E.g. omelettes and chicken.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do teens need iron and vitamin C and what are example foods?

A
  • Teenage girls lose iron during menstruation and it must be replaced or they become anaemic. e.g beef, spinach
  • Vitamin C helps the body absorb the iron. e.g. strawberries and peppers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do teens need calcium and vitamin D what are example foods?

A
  • Skeletons grow quick and they help the bones reach peak size and bone density.
    Calcium - milk, yogurt, kale
    Vit D - tuna, salmon and mackerel.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do adults maintain a healthy lifestyle and stay disease free?

A

Follow the eatwell plate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which 3 nutrients are important for women?

A

Iron, calcium and vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the significance of iron, calcium and vitamin D?

A

Iron - replace lost iron during menstruation

Calcium & Vit D - reduce chance of bone disease as women can rapidly lose bone strength after menopause.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Women should adapt their diet during pregnancy, what nutrient are they encouraged to take and why?

A
  • Folic acid in the early trimesters to reduce the risk of spina bifida.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is it essential that a pregnant woman is not overweight or underweight?

A

Underweight - major organs are developed in 1st trimester.

Overweight - hard to lose weight and increases blood pressure causing gestational diabetes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

During pregnancy which nutrients need to be increased and why?

A

Calories - 200 more towards the end of pregnancy to support the babies growth.
Folic acid - reduces risk of spina bifida
Vitamin A - helps with development of babies major organs. Supports metabolism and immune system.
Zinc - helps construct baby’s cells & DNA, also helps with division and tissue growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can excessive weight gain be avoided of pregnant women?

A

5/6 small meals a day rather than 3 large meals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What dietary factors need to be considered in terms of fat, sugar and pulses, fruit/veg and wholegrain?

A

Reduce fat + sugar - weight gain, diabetes risk

Increase pulses, fruit & veg, wholegrain - fibre and helps with constipation.

20
Q

In terms of fluids what factors should be considered (for pregnant women)?

A

Decrease tea and coffee - tannin and caffeine don’t help with iron, zinc and calcium absorption.
Increase the amount of water drank as absorption takes longer.

21
Q

What foods/nutrients should be avoided during pregnancy?

A

Liver - too much vitamin A - toxic to baby
Shark, swordfish - too much mercury harming the baby
Unpasteurised dairy - contaminated by listeria which can cause a miscarriage or infect the baby.
Alcohol - can cause FASDs

22
Q

What are FASDs?

A

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Such as a miscarriage, stillbirth, lifelong physical, behavioural and intellectual disabilities.

23
Q

Define food intolerance.

A
  • Sensitivity or detrimental reaction to a food
24
Q

Define anaphylactic reaction.

A

Serious/extreme allergic reaction needing immediate medical treatment.

25
Q

What does it meant to have coeliac disease?

A

Allergy to protein glucose present in cereals wheat, barley and rye.

26
Q

What does it mean to be lactose intolerant?

A

Unable to digest milk sugar lactose.

27
Q

What causes a nut allergy?

A
  • First contact with nut allergen causes your immune system to trigger a response
  • Second contact causes full allergic reaction.
28
Q

What are symptoms of a mild allergic nut reaction?

A
  • Mouth, lip and face swelling
  • Hives, nettle rash
  • Abdominal pain
  • Tight-feeling around throat
29
Q

What are symptoms of an anaphylactic nut reaction?

A
  • Same as mild ones +
  • Wheezing, swelling around the throat (asthma like attack)
  • Skin redness
  • Increased heart rate
  • Low blood pressure, faint feeling.
30
Q

How to prevent nut allergy reactions.

A
  • Check food labels and avoid nut foods

- Avoid eating from buffets or bakeries with food containing nuts.

31
Q

What are treatments for allergic reaction?

A

If anaphylactic - inject with adrenaline or result could be fatal.
Mild reaction - have an antihistamine tabled blocking histamine which is released during an allergic reaction.

32
Q

What nutrients do nuts contain, and if one has a nut allergy what food can replace the nutrition of a nut?

A

Nut - monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), protein, antioxidants, vits & minerals, omega 3 - fatty acid.
Alternative - olive oil, avocado, sunflower seeds

33
Q

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

A
  • High blood glucose levels
  • Blurred vision
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea
  • Painful urination
  • Hunger and vomiting
  • Thirst
34
Q

What causes diabetes?

A
  • Overweight
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Hereditary links
35
Q

What is lactose intolerance?

A
  • Body is unable to digest lactose.
  • Leads to lactose being fermented rather than broken down by enzymes.
  • NOT AN ALLERGY
36
Q

What are the causes of lactose intolerance?

A
  • Not enough lactase produced, so lactose stays in the digestive system and is fermented by bacteria producing gases and cause symptoms for lactose intolerance.
37
Q

Give some examples of foods with lactose.

A
  • Milk based beverages - e.g. milkshakes
  • Whipping cream
  • Ice cream etc
  • Cheese
  • Butter
38
Q

What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?

A

Develop few hours within consumption of lactose.

  • Flatulence - farting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Stomach bloating
  • Stomach cramps and pain
  • Stomach rumbling
39
Q

How can lactose intolerance be managed?

A
  • Goats over cows milk
  • Calcium rich foods
  • Organic fermented dairy
  • Coconut oil in cooking
  • Ghee over but
  • Probiotics
  • Vit K
40
Q

What are DRVs?

A

Dietary reference values

- estimated dietary requirements for groups of the population for nutrients needed for good health.

41
Q

What are macronutrients?

A
  • Fats, proteins and carbs

- Nutrients needed in large amounts

42
Q

What are micronutrients?

A
  • Vits and minerals

- required in smaller quantities

43
Q

What are EARs?

A

Estimated average requirements

- estimate of average energy or nutrient intake needed for 50% of the population

44
Q

What is an RNI?

A

Reference nutrient intake

  • used for recommendation on vitamins, proteins and minerals
  • amounts of nutrients needed to satisfy the needs of 97.5% of the population.
45
Q

What is an LRNI?

A

Lower reference nutrient intake

- Accounts for 2.5% of the population who have low requirements (the rest of the population needs more)

Food Technology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions