Food provenance + supply Flashcards
What is a staple food and give examples.
- Food that forms the basis of a traditional diet.
- Wheat, rice, maize, oats, barley, rye
Where is wheat grown?
Europe, China, India, Russia
What is wheat used for?
- Baked products
- Bread, pastry (rough puff, shortcrust)
- Breakfast cereals
Where is rice grown?
China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh
Where is maize grown?
USA, China, Brazil, Mexico India
What is maize used for?
- Breakfast cereals, polenta, cornflour
- Corn oil
- Corn on the cob
Where are oats grown?
Russia, Canada, Finland, Poland, Australia
What are oats used for?
- Sold coarse, medium or fine
- Used in flapjacks, crumbles, porridge
- Bought as oatmeal, jumbo oats, porridge oats
- Breakfast cereal
Where is barley grown?
Russia, France, Canada, UK
What is barley used for?
- Rice alternative
- Extract or sweetener
- Soups and stews
- Animal feed
Where is rye grown?
Europe, Russia, Canada, USA
What is rye used for?
Ground into flour for crispbread or dark bread.
Where is spelt grown?
UK, Russia, Spain, Eastern Europe
What is spelt used for?
Same as wheat
What 2 plants do sugar come from?
Sugar beet and sugar cane
What are the characteristics of sugar canes?
- Tall, bamboo like, 6m tall
- 80% of worlds sugar comes from cane
- Sugar from cane is cheaper than beet
What are the characteristics of sugar beet?
- Root crop, looks like a turnip, grown in northern hemisphere, 20% of sugar supply comes from beet.
What is maple syrup made from?
- Plant sap of a maple tree
What is the structure of a fruit cell?
Cell wall - made of cellulose
Cytoplasm - jelly like substance with colour pigments and fat droplets
Vacuole - largest part of cell with sugar, pigments and salts
What are the categories of fruit?
Citrus, Soft/berry. hard (apple pears)
What do the colour of vegetables depend on?
- Chlorophyll - green
- Carotenoids - yelow, orange
- Anthocyanins - red, blue
What are the types of vegetables?
Leaves, fruit, roots, flowers, bulbs, stems, tubers, seeds/pods
Give examples of leaves and fruits.
Leaves - Cabbage, brussels sprouts, spinach
Fruit - Cucumber, marrow, aubergine, squash
Give examples of roots and flowers.
Roots - Carrots, beetroot, turnips
Flowers - broccoli, artichoke, cauliflower
Give examples of bulbs, tubers and stems.
Bulbs - onions, leeks, shallots
Stems - celery
Tubers - potatoes (& sweet), yams
Give examples of seeds/pods.
Peas, runner beans, broad beans, french beans
What are the pros and cons of locally produced and seasonal foods?
Pros - Fresher, fewer food miles, lower carbon footprint, supports local farmers
Cons - less choice, more expensive, food maybe different sizes and irregular.
What are the classifications of meat?
Meat - beef, lamb, mutton, pork
Offal - kidney, liver, tongue
Game - venison, rabbit, pheasant
Poultry - duck, turkey, chicken, goose
How will a consumer know if a product has been sustainably produced?
Look for red tractor (assured food standard) logo or RSPCA assured.
What does the red tractor tell the consumer?
- The food has high hygiene and safety standards, animal welfare and environmental protection.
What is the name of one of the organisations who monitor organic food?
Soil association organic.
They certify over 80% of organic foods.
What are the laws for organic foods?
- Approved by certification bodies
- Produced by farmers who grow, handle and process crops without synthetic fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides (or artificial ingredients)
- No GM
- Meat, eggs and dairy come from animals with no antibiotics or growth hormones
- Natural fertilisers, not synthetic
What are the classifications of fish?
White, round - cod, haddock - low in fat
White, flat - turbot, halibut, dover sole - low in fat
Oily - salmon, trout, herring, tuna - dark flesh, omega 3- fatty acids prevent heart disease
Shellfish, molluscs - oyster, scallop, cockles - low fat, outer shell removed
Crustaceans, shellfish - tough outer shell, low fat, exoskeletal
What are the fishing methods?
Trawling - use of nets
Dredging - metal cages lowered in sea to catch shellfish
Gill netting - curtains of netting
Harpooning - long pole lunged into big fish
Jigging - grappling hook attached to line and targets fish
Long lining, pole and line fishing, cyanide fishing (stunning, prohibited)
